Abstract
As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) grows, scientists are looking to find long-term solutions, including early detection and intervention. Diagnosis relies heavily on brain imaging, including MRIs and PET scans. Currently, researchers are working on enhancing diagnostic techniques in order to detect AD biomarkers, the two main being amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This chapter will explore AD biomarker detection using PET scans and MRIs, going into details of the function of these imaging modalities, the clinical experience for the patient's, and the current research being conducted in these areas. As technology advances, research has shifted to the development of biosensors for early AD diagnosis. Electrochemical and optical biosensors utilizing functionalized nanoparticles are the main area of development for AD diagnosis. While the initial research shows promising results, more work with these devices is needed, as the ultimate goal is the development of a multiplexed biosensor device that can detect multiple AD biomarkers using only one patient sample. Improvements to the current diagnostic options will serve as a means to early detection and intervention, hopefully leading to a cure for this global health crisis. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.