Abstract
Osteoporosis, which literally means "porous bones," is one of the most common skeletal disorders faced by women and their health care providers today. The diagnosis carries a high risk for low-impact fractures, which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Osteoporosis occurs when there is a change in the balance of bone renewal. With suboptimal levels of estrogen, as occurs with menopause and during other stages of the active female's life, there is excessive bone resorption which is not fully compensated by an increase in bone formation. Although numerous effective pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of osteoporosis are readily available in a variety of forms, prevention and management, by maintaining a healthy lifestyle with targeted bone-loading exercise, should be a priority for all women. An effective exercise program is one that is tailored to suit the individual's ability, experience and osteoporosis diagnosis. Factors that could attenuate the response of bone to exercise, including estrogen availability, age, genetics, and nutrition, should also be considered when adopting bone-loading exercise. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.