Abstract
This chapter discusses the global prevalence as well as the geographic distribution of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and updates on recent shared global initiatives. The demographic trends in HIV in the US, especially regarding gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, age, injection-drug use, socioeconomic status, and recent initiatives, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to HIV among communities of color, as well as women, children, and adolescents. The role of HIV in men who have sex with men and the transgender community is reviewed in detail.