Abstract
Advances in the resuscitative care of the trauma patient have made great strides in improving survival and reducing morbidity. As care of the trauma patient has evolved, so too has a reliance on opioids as the main form of analgesia for such patients. Opioid therapy can result in multiple adverse events, to include abuse and dependence. The treatment of acute pain via the utilization of multimodal analgesia (MMA) and regional anesthesia (RA), in the military and civilian arenas, have made great improvements in patient safety, comfort, and outcomes resulting in decreased opioid utilization. This chapter aims to provide a background in non-opioid MMA and RA for the trauma patient as a means to improving outcomes and decreasing the reliance on opioid analgesics.