Abstract
Awareness of normal colonic physiology is paramount to understanding the pathophysiology and successful treatment of colon and rectal diseases. The primary functions of the colon include absorption of water and electrolytes, further metabolism of ingested foods, secretion of electrolytes and mucous, recycling of nutrients, storage of semisolid matter, and propulsion of fecal material toward the rectum. Extensive research is underway involving the gut microbiome and its role in normal physiology as well as in colonic diseases.