Abstract
In contrast to traditional open spine procedures, minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery reduces approach-related soft tissue disruption through retraction of local musculature and soft tissue. Aiding the development of MIS surgery have been the development of the intraoperative binocular microscope, muscular distraction systems such as tubular dilation, and percutaneous instrumentation, all of which have facilitated its application to a broad range of conditions (e.g., laminectomy, decompression, discectomy, interbody spacer placement, spinal deformity correction).