Abstract
There is both broad and growing agreement internationally and within Ukraine that environmental crime should be prosecuted. This chapter explores the question of how to do so. As this chapter will discuss, in Ukraine, environmental crime can be prosecuted either as a form of war crime or as ecocide. As this chapter will explain, either way, however, Ukraine stands poised to make a lasting contribution to this important legal conversation. This chapter will thus focus on domestic accountability before Ukrainian courts. However, because of certain provisions within the Ukrainian constitution and within the Criminal Code itself, one cannot adequately discuss prosecution under Ukrainian law without also discussing international law because the former specifically implicates the latter. This chapter will also discuss relevant international law provisions as they inform and impact prosecutions for environmental crimes under Ukrainian law before Ukrainian courts.