Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a form of pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a complex disorder with sexual dimorphism. The disease preferentially affects women, and female sex influences both the development of PAH and right ventricular remodeling. Large registries have demonstrated that while women are more likely to develop PAH, older men with PAH have increased mortality. Sex hormones may impact right ventricular function as well as response to PAH-specific medications. Despite advancements in therapeutics for PAH, mortality remains high for both men and women. Further investigation is necessary to fully elucidate the impact of sex on PAH pathogenesis and help guide novel therapeutics.