Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) has been recognized as a clinical syndrome since the early nineteenth century. During the past several decades, there has been extensive toxicological and epidemiological research into potential environmental causes, including workplace exposures. However, to date, no specific environmental exposures have been identified as consistent risk factors that could account for moderate to large attributable risks. This chapter reviews current evidence, discusses limitations of past research, and offers recommendations for future aetiological research.