Abstract
Of course, both psychotherapy, in its psychodynamic orientation, and psychoanalysis work through the use of words and speech. Many have worked in different ways to define psychoanalysis and distinguish it from psychotherapy, in particular psychodynamic psychotherapy. One of their particular approaches to this was the medicalization of psychoanalysis, and the position consistently taken by the American Psychoanalytic Association over many decades of requiring medical training as a prerequisite for psychoanalytic training. Many European and South American countries have long allowed non-physicians to practice psychoanalysis and, in fact, in many countries, the practice of therapy itself was not regulated by the State. Ego Psychology, for example, must be understood as the substitution of Freudianism for psychoanalysis, leaving people with what the author termed the mirage of psychoanalysis. Kleinianism and Object Relations, in contrast, must be seen in great contrast to Ego Psychology in that, instead of endorsing Freudianism, both seek to repudiate Freudianism.