Abstract
Complicated procedures and treatments involving prosthetics, neuromodulation, and urinary diversion have been developed to manage recalcitrant urinary incontinence seen in certain subpopulations of patients with urinary dysfunction. The following is a brief summary of some of these advanced surgical procedures, which may be used to restore urinary continence after more conservative treatments and commonly performed surgical procedures have failed. These surgical procedures are also being used for urinary incontinence in the male population.