Abstract
A component step in developing a competency-based education (CBE) program is to define a set of consensus-driven learner performance outcomes that will meet the physical therapy (PT) needs of society.
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent observable units of practice that integrate critical competencies that must be demonstrated in the care of patients. EPAs serve as a framework for teaching, learning, and assessment of key skills and responsibilities. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the iterative, four-phase national consensus-based process, capturing multiple perspectives, on a core set of EPAs that Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students should be entrusted to perform independently upon entering clinical practice for the first time, regardless of setting.
Fifteen physical therapists served as members of the national EPA drafting group. Purposive selection was used to recruit 190 participants to serve as members of a Reactor Panel.
A modified Delphi was utilized that included 4 iterative phases. Each phase comprised work completed by the EPA drafting group, supported by experts in EPAs, followed by a reactor panel providing broader community feedback via a modified Delphi to facilitate consensus. Consensus was defined a priori as agreement among >80% of respondents.
Nineteen core EPAs were identified as essential activities that all graduates of entry-level DPT programs should be able to perform safely and without the need for supervision, regardless of the practice setting. Each EPA has 5-7 critical competencies mapped to it that are aligned to learner characteristics required to be entrusted to that essential task.
These core entry-level EPAs can serve as the national standard for minimum core performance outcomes required at entrance into clinical practice.
This EPA framework can be used for teaching and assessing the critical competencies necessary for safe and efficient entry-level practice.