Abstract
Objective:
To study the effect of obesity on retinal structures in African Americans (AAs) and Caucasian Americans (CAs) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
Methodology:
About 136 patients with RRMS without history of optic neuritis were divided into two groups, based on body mass index (BMI): 67 obese (40 AA, 27 CA, mean BMI ± SD: 36.7 ± 5.8), and 69 non-obese (23 AA, 46 CA, mean BMI ± SD: 24.0 ± 3.1). The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness was quantified by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and was segmented into quadrant thickness: superior (S), inferior (I), temporal (T), and nasal (N). Papillomacular bundle (PMB) thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), inner nuclear (INL), outer plexiform (OPL), outer nuclear (ONL), and total macular (TMV) volumes were obtained.
Results:
Obesity was associated with lower T thickness (58.54 ± 15.2 vs. 61.9 12.4,
p
= 0.044), higher INL (0.98 ± 0.07 vs. 0.96 ± 0.06,
p
= 0.034), and lower RNFL (0.77 ± 0.14 vs. 0.82 ± 0.12,
p
= 0.009) volumes. Obese AA had significantly thinner T (58.54 ± 15.19 vs. 61.91 ± 12.39,
p
= 0.033), N (68.94 ± 2.7 vs. 77.94 ± 3.3,
p
= 0.044), and TMV (8.15 ± 0.07 vs. 8.52 ± 0.09,
p
= 0.003), RNFL (0.74 ± 0.02 vs. 0.82 ± 0.02,
p
= 0.013), OPL (0.76 ± 0.01 vs. 0.79 ± 0.1,
p
= 0.050), ONL (1.68 ± 0.031 vs. 1.79 ± 0.038,
p
= 0.026), and GCIPL (1.78 ± 0.04 vs. 1.9 ± 0.05,
p
= 0.038) compared to obese CA. Among patients with non-obesity, the ONL was significantly lower in AA (1.78 ± 0.04 vs. 1.9 ± 0.05,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions:
Obesity is associated with retinal structure abnormalities in patients with RRMS. Its impact might be more prominent in AA than CA. Large longitudinal studies are needed to validate our findings.