Energy Independence of the Collins Asymmetry in 𝑝↑⁢𝑝 Collisions

B. E. Aboona; J. Adam; L. Adamczyk; I. Aggarwal; M. M. Aggarwal; Z. Ahammed; A. K. Alshammri; E. C. Aschenauer; S. Aslam; J. Atchison; V. Bairathi; X. Bao; P. Barik; K. Barish; S. Behera; R. Bellwied; P. Bhagat; A. Bhasin; S. Bhatta; S. R. Bhosale; J. Bielcik; J. Bielcikova; J. D. Brandenburg; C. Broodo; X. Z. Cai; H. Caines; M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez; D. Cebra; J. Ceska; I. Chakaberia; P. Chaloupka; Y. S. Chang; Z. Chang; A. Chatterjee; D. Chen; J. H. Chen; Q. Chen; W. Chen; Z. Chen; J. Cheng; Y. Cheng; W. Christie; X. Chu; S. Corey; H. J. Crawford; M. Csanád; G. Dale-Gau; A. Das; D. De Souza Lemos; I. M. Deppner; A. Deshpande; A. Dhamija; A. Dimri; P. Dixit; X. Dong; J. L. Drachenberg; E. Duckworth; J. C. Dunlop; Y. S. El-Feky; J. Engelage; G. Eppley; S. Esumi; O. Evdokimov; O. Eyser; B. Fan; R. Fatemi; S. Fazio; H. Feng; Y. Feng; E. Finch; Y. Fisyak; F. A. Flor; C. Fu; T. Fu; C. A. Gagliardi; T. Galatyuk; T. Gao; Y. Gao; G. Garcia; F. Geurts; A. Gibson; A. Giri; K. Gopal; X. Gou; D. Grosnick; A. Gu; J. Gu; A. Gupta; W. Guryn; A. Hamed; R. J. Hamilton; J. Han; X. Han; S. Harabasz; M. D. Harasty; J. W. Harris; H. Harrison-Smith; L. B. Havener; X. H. He; Y. He; N. Herrmann; L. Holub; C. Hu; Q. Hu; Y. Hu; H. Huang; H. Z. Huang; S. L. Huang; T. Huang; Y. Huang; M. Isshiki; W. W. Jacobs; A. Jalotra; C. Jena; A. Jentsch; Y. Ji; J. Jia; X. Jiang; C. Jin; Y. Jin; N. Jindal; X. Ju; E. G. Judd; S. Kabana; D. Kalinkin; J. Kang; K. Kang; A. R. Kanuganti; D. Kapukchyan; K. Kauder; D. Keane; M. Kesler; A. Khanal; Y. V. Khyzhniak; D. P. Kikoła; J. Kim; D. Kincses; I. Kisel; A. Kiselev; A. G. Knospe; J. Kołaś; B. Korodi; L. K. Kosarzewski; L. Kumar; M. C. Labonte; R. Lacey; J. M. Landgraf; C. Larson; J. Lauret; A. Lebedev; J. H. Lee; Y. H. Leung; C. Li; D. Li; H-S. Li; H. Li; W. Li; X. Li; Y. Li; Z. Li; X. Liang; R. Licenik; T. Lin; Y. Lin; M. A. Lisa; C. Liu; G. Liu; H. Liu; L. Liu; Z. Liu; T. Ljubicic; O. Lomicky; E. M. Loyd; T. Lu; J. Luo; X. F. Luo; L. Ma; R. Ma; Y. G. Ma; N. Magdy; D. Mallick; R. Manikandhan; C. Markert; O. Matonoha; K. Mi; S. Mioduszewski; B. Mohanty; B. Mondal; M. M. Mondal; I. Mooney; J. Mrazkova; M. I. Nagy; C. J. Naim; A. S. Nain; J. D. Nam; M. Nasim; H. Nasrulloh; J. M. Nelson; M. Nie; G. Nigmatkulov; T. Niida; T. Nonaka; G. Odyniec; A. Ogawa; S. Oh; K. Okubo; B. S. Page; S. Pal; A. Pandav; A. Panday; A. K. Pandey; T. Pani; A. Paul; S. Paul; D. Pawlowska; C. Perkins; S. Ping; J. Pluta; B. R. Pokhrel; I. D. Ponce Pinto; M. Posik; E. Pottebaum; S. Prodhan; T. L. Protzman; A. Prozorov; V. Prozorova; N. K. Pruthi; M. Przybycien; J. Putschke; Y. Qi; Z. Qin; H. Qiu; C. Racz; S. K. Radhakrishnan; A. Rana; R. L. Ray; R. Reed; C. W. Robertson; M. Robotkova; M. A. Rosales Aguilar; D. Roy; P. Roy Chowdhury; L. Ruan; A. K. Sahoo; N. R. Sahoo; H. Sako; S. Salur; S. S. Sambyal; J. K. Sandhu; S. Sato; B. C. Schaefer; N. Schmitz; F-J. Seck; J. Seger; R. Seto; P. Seyboth; N. Shah; P. V. Shanmuganathan; T. Shao; M. Sharma; N. Sharma; R. Sharma; S. R. Sharma; A. I. Sheikh; D. Shen; D. Y. Shen; K. Shen; S. Shi; Y. Shi; E. Shulga; F. Si; J. Singh; S. Singha; P. Sinha; M. J. Skoby; N. Smirnov; Y. Söhngen; Y. Song; T. D. S. Stanislaus; M. Stefaniak; Y. Su; M. Sumbera; X. Sun; Y. Sun; B. Surrow; M. Svoboda; Z. W. Sweger; A. C. Tamis; A. H. Tang; Z. Tang; T. Tarnowsky; J. H. Thomas; A. R. Timmins; D. Tlusty; D. Torres Valladares; S. Trentalange; P. Tribedy; S. K. Tripathy; T. Truhlar; B. A. Trzeciak; O. D. Tsai; C. Y. Tsang; Z. Tu; J. E. Tyler; T. Ullrich; D. G. Underwood; G. Van Buren; J. Vanek; I. Vassiliev; F. Videbæk; S. A. Voloshin; F. Wang; G. Wang; J. S. Wang; J. Wang; K. Wang; X. Wang; Y. Wang; Z. Wang; Z. Y. Wang; A. J. Watroba; J. C. Webb; P. C. Weidenkaff; G. D. Westfall; D. Wielanek; H. Wieman; G. Wilks; S. W. Wissink; R. Witt; C. P. Wong; J. Wu; X. Wu; B. Xi; Y. Xiao; Z. G. Xiao; G. Xie; W. Xie; H. Xu; N. Xu; Q. H. Xu; Y. Xu; Z. Xu; G. Yan; Z. Yan; C. Yang; Q. Yang; S. Yang; Y. Yang; Z. Ye; L. Yi; Y. Yu; H. Zbroszczyk; W. Zha; C. Zhang; D. Zhang; J. Zhang; L. Zhang; S. Zhang; W. Zhang; X. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Z. Zhang; F. Zhao; J. Zhao; S. Zhou; Y. Zhou; X. Zhu; M. Zurek; M. Zyzak; Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States)

doi:10.1103/jgsw-zhny

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Energy Independence of the Collins Asymmetry in 𝑝↑⁢𝑝 Collisions

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Energy Independence of the Collins Asymmetry in 𝑝↑⁢𝑝 Collisions

B. E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. K. Alshammri, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, …

Physical review letters, Vol.135(26)

12/26/2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jgsw-zhny

Abstract

Calorimeters

Gaseous detectors

Hadron colliders

Hadrons

NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Polarization

Quantum chromodynamics

Quark & gluon jets

Spin

Strong interaction

The STAR experiment reports new, high-precision measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetries for 𝜋± within jets, namely the Collins asymmetries, from transversely polarized 𝑝↑⁢𝑝 collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 510 GeV. The energy-scaled distribution of jet transverse momentum, 𝑥T = 2⁢𝑝T,jet/$\sqrt{s}$, shows a remarkable consistency for Collins asymmetries of 𝜋± in jets between $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and 510 GeV. This indicates that the Collins asymmetries are nearly energy independent, with, at most, a very weak scale dependence in 𝑝↑⁢𝑝 collisions. These results extend to high-momentum scales (𝑄2 ≤ 3400 GeV2) and enable unique tests of evolution and universality in the transverse-momentum-dependent formalism, thus providing important constraints for the Collins fragmentation functions.

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Title: Energy Independence of the Collins Asymmetry in 𝑝↑⁢𝑝 Collisions
Creators: B. E. Aboona - Texas A&M University
J. Adam - Czech Technical University in Prague
L. Adamczyk - AGH University of Krakow
I. Aggarwal - Panjab University
M. M. Aggarwal - Panjab University
Z. Ahammed - Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre
A. K. Alshammri - Kent State University
E. C. Aschenauer - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Aslam - Fudan University
J. Atchison - Abilene Christian University
V. Bairathi - University of Tarapacá
X. Bao - Shandong University
P. Barik - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal
K. Barish - University of California System
S. Behera - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
R. Bellwied - University of Houston
P. Bhagat - University of Jammu
A. Bhasin - University of Jammu
S. Bhatta - State University of New York
S. R. Bhosale - Jagiellonian University
J. Bielcik - Czech Technical University in Prague
J. Bielcikova - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
J. D. Brandenburg - The Ohio State University
C. Broodo - University of Houston
X. Z. Cai - Chinese Academy of Sciences
H. Caines - Yale University
M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez - University of California
D. Cebra - University of California System
J. Ceska - Czech Technical University in Prague
I. Chakaberia - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
P. Chaloupka - Czech Technical University in Prague
Y. S. Chang - Purdue University West Lafayette
Z. Chang - Indiana University
A. Chatterjee - National Institute of Technology Durgapur
D. Chen - University of California System
J. H. Chen - Fudan University
Q. Chen - Guangxi Normal University
W. Chen - Fudan University
Z. Chen - Shandong University
J. Cheng - Tsinghua University
Y. Cheng - University of California System
W. Christie - Brookhaven National Laboratory
X. Chu - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Corey - The Ohio State University
H. J. Crawford - University of California System
M. Csanád - Eötvös Loránd University
G. Dale-Gau - Czech Technical University in Prague
A. Das - Czech Technical University in Prague
D. De Souza Lemos - Brookhaven National Laboratory
I. M. Deppner - Heidelberg University
A. Deshpande - State University of New York
A. Dhamija - Panjab University
A. Dimri - State University of New York
P. Dixit - Fudan University
X. Dong - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
J. L. Drachenberg - Abilene Christian University
E. Duckworth - Kent State University
J. C. Dunlop - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Y. S. El-Feky - American University in Cairo
J. Engelage - University of California System
G. Eppley - Rice University
S. Esumi - University of Tsukuba
O. Evdokimov - University of Illinois Chicago
O. Eyser - Brookhaven National Laboratory
B. Fan - Central China Normal University
R. Fatemi - University of Kentucky
S. Fazio - University of Calabria
H. Feng - Central China Normal University
Y. Feng - Central China Normal University
E. Finch - Southern Connecticut State University
Y. Fisyak - Brookhaven National Laboratory
F. A. Flor - Yale University
C. Fu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T. Fu - Shandong University
C. A. Gagliardi - Texas A&M University
T. Galatyuk - Technical University of Darmstadt
T. Gao - Shandong University
Y. Gao - Fudan University
G. Garcia - Brookhaven National Laboratory
F. Geurts - Rice University
A. Gibson - Valparaiso University
A. Giri - University of Houston
K. Gopal - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
X. Gou - Shandong University
D. Grosnick - Valparaiso University
A. Gu - Huzhou University
J. Gu - Fudan University
A. Gupta - University of Jammu
W. Guryn - Brookhaven National Laboratory
A. Hamed - American University in Cairo
R. J. Hamilton - Yale University
J. Han - Central China Normal University
X. Han - The Ohio State University
S. Harabasz - Technical University of Darmstadt
M. D. Harasty - University of California System
J. W. Harris - Yale University
H. Harrison-Smith - University of Kentucky
L. B. Havener - Yale University
X. H. He - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. He - Shandong University
N. Herrmann - Heidelberg University
L. Holub - Czech Technical University in Prague
C. Hu - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Q. Hu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. Hu - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
H. Huang - University of California System
H. Z. Huang - National Cheng Kung University
S. L. Huang - State University of New York
T. Huang - University of Illinois Chicago
Y. Huang - Fudan University
Y. Huang - Fudan University
Y. Huang - Fudan University
M. Isshiki - University of Tsukuba
W. W. Jacobs - Indiana University
A. Jalotra - University of Jammu
C. Jena - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
A. Jentsch - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Y. Ji - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
J. Jia - Brookhaven National Laboratory
X. Jiang - Central China Normal University
C. Jin - Rice University
Y. Jin - Central China Normal University
N. Jindal - The Ohio State University
X. Ju - University of Science and Technology of China
E. G. Judd - University of California System
S. Kabana - University of Tarapacá
D. Kalinkin - University of Kentucky
J. Kang - Sejong University
K. Kang - Tsinghua University
A. R. Kanuganti - Brookhaven National Laboratory
D. Kapukchyan - University of California System
K. Kauder - Brookhaven National Laboratory
D. Keane - Kent State University
M. Kesler - Kent State University
A. Khanal - Wayne State University
Y. V. Khyzhniak - The Ohio State University
D. P. Kikoła - Warsaw University of Technology
J. Kim - Brookhaven National Laboratory
D. Kincses - Eötvös Loránd University
I. Kisel - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
A. Kiselev - Brookhaven National Laboratory
A. G. Knospe - Lehigh University
J. Kołaś - Warsaw University of Technology
B. Korodi - The Ohio State University
L. K. Kosarzewski - The Ohio State University
L. Kumar - Panjab University
M. C. Labonte - University of California System
R. Lacey - State University of New York
J. M. Landgraf - Brookhaven National Laboratory
C. Larson - University of Kentucky
J. Lauret - Brookhaven National Laboratory
A. Lebedev - Brookhaven National Laboratory
J. H. Lee - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Y. H. Leung - Heidelberg University
C. Li - Central China Normal University
D. Li - University of Science and Technology of China
H-S. Li - Wuhan University of Science and Technology
H. Li - Wuhan University of Science and Technology
H. Li - Wuhan University of Science and Technology
H. Li - Wuhan University of Science and Technology
W. Li - Rice University
X. Li - University of Science and Technology of China
Y. Li - Tsinghua University
Z. Li - South China Normal University
Z. Li - South China Normal University
X. Liang - University of California System
R. Licenik - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
T. Lin - Shandong University
Y. Lin - Guangxi Normal University
M. A. Lisa - The Ohio State University
C. Liu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
G. Liu - South China Normal University
H. Liu - Huzhou University
L. Liu - Central China Normal University
L. Liu - Central China Normal University
Z. Liu - Central China Normal University
Z. Liu - Central China Normal University
T. Ljubicic - Rice University
O. Lomicky - Czech Technical University in Prague
E. M. Loyd - University of California System
T. Lu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
J. Luo - University of Science and Technology of China
X. F. Luo - Central China Normal University
L. Ma - Fudan University
R. Ma - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Y. G. Ma - Fudan University
N. Magdy - Texas Southern University
D. Mallick - Central China Normal University
R. Manikandhan - University of Houston
C. Markert - University of Texas
O. Matonoha - Czech Technical University in Prague
K. Mi - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
S. Mioduszewski - Texas A&M University
B. Mohanty - National Institute of Science Education and Research
B. Mondal - National Institute of Science Education and Research
M. M. Mondal - Lovely Professional University
I. Mooney - Yale University
J. Mrazkova - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
M. I. Nagy - Eötvös Loránd University
C. J. Naim - State University of New York
A. S. Nain - Panjab University
J. D. Nam - Temple College
M. Nasim - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
H. Nasrulloh - University of Science and Technology of China
J. M. Nelson - University of California System
M. Nie - Shandong University
G. Nigmatkulov - University of Illinois Chicago
T. Niida - University of Tsukuba
T. Nonaka - University of Tsukuba
G. Odyniec - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. Ogawa - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Oh - Sejong University
K. Okubo - University of Tsukuba
B. S. Page - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Pal - Czech Technical University in Prague
A. Pandav - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. Panday - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
A. K. Pandey - Warsaw University of Technology
T. Pani - Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
A. Paul - University of California System
S. Paul - State University of New York
D. Pawlowska - Warsaw University of Technology
C. Perkins - University of California System
S. Ping - Fudan University
J. Pluta - Warsaw University of Technology
B. R. Pokhrel - Temple College
I. D. Ponce Pinto - Yale University
M. Posik - Temple University
E. Pottebaum - Yale University
S. Prodhan - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
T. L. Protzman - Lehigh University
A. Prozorov - Czech Technical University in Prague
V. Prozorova - Czech Technical University in Prague
N. K. Pruthi - Panjab University
M. Przybycien - AGH University of Krakow
J. Putschke - Wayne State University
Y. Qi - Central China Normal University
Z. Qin - Tsinghua University
H. Qiu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
C. Racz - University of California System
S. K. Radhakrishnan - Kent State University
A. Rana - Panjab University
R. L. Ray - University of Texas
R. Reed - Lehigh University
C. W. Robertson - Purdue University West Lafayette
M. Robotkova - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
M. A. Rosales Aguilar - University of Kentucky
D. Roy - Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
P. Roy Chowdhury - Warsaw University of Technology
L. Ruan - Brookhaven National Laboratory
A. K. Sahoo - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal
N. R. Sahoo - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
H. Sako - University of Tsukuba
S. Salur - Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
S. S. Sambyal - University of Jammu
J. K. Sandhu - Lehigh University
S. Sato - University of Tsukuba
B. C. Schaefer - Lehigh University
N. Schmitz - Max Planck Institute for Physics
F-J. Seck - Technical University of Darmstadt
J. Seger - Creighton University
R. Seto - University of California System
P. Seyboth - Max Planck Institute for Physics
N. Shah - Indian Institute Technology
P. V. Shanmuganathan - Brookhaven National Laboratory
T. Shao - Fudan University
M. Sharma - University of Jammu
N. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
R. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
S. R. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
A. I. Sheikh - Kent State University
D. Shen - Shandong University
D. Y. Shen - Shandong University
K. Shen - University of Science and Technology of China
S. Shi - Central China Normal University
Y. Shi - Shandong University
E. Shulga - Brookhaven National Laboratory
F. Si - University of Science and Technology of China
J. Singh - University of Tarapacá
S. Singha - Chinese Academy of Sciences
P. Sinha - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
M. J. Skoby - Purdue University West Lafayette
N. Smirnov - Yale University
Y. Söhngen - Heidelberg University
Y. Song - Yale University
T. D. S. Stanislaus - Valparaiso University
M. Stefaniak - The Ohio State University
Y. Su - University of Science and Technology of China
M. Sumbera - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
X. Sun - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. Sun - University of Science and Technology of China
B. Surrow - Temple University
M. Svoboda - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
Z. W. Sweger - University of California System
A. C. Tamis - Yale University
A. H. Tang - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Z. Tang - University of Science and Technology of China
T. Tarnowsky - Michigan State University
J. H. Thomas - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. R. Timmins - University of Houston
D. Tlusty - Creighton University
D. Torres Valladares - Rice University
S. Trentalange - University of California System
P. Tribedy - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. K. Tripathy - Warsaw University of Technology
T. Truhlar - Czech Technical University in Prague
B. A. Trzeciak - Czech Technical University in Prague
O. D. Tsai - Brookhaven National Laboratory
C. Y. Tsang - Kent State University
Z. Tu - Brookhaven National Laboratory
J. E. Tyler - Texas A&M University
T. Ullrich - Brookhaven National Laboratory
D. G. Underwood - Valparaiso University
G. Van Buren - Brookhaven National Laboratory
J. Vanek - Brookhaven National Laboratory
I. Vassiliev - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
F. Videbæk - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. A. Voloshin - Wayne State University
F. Wang - Purdue University West Lafayette
G. Wang - University of California System
G. Wang - University of California System
J. S. Wang - Shandong University
J. Wang - Shandong University
K. Wang - University of Science and Technology of China
X. Wang - Shandong University
Y. Wang - Tsinghua University
Y. Wang - Tsinghua University
Y. Wang - Tsinghua University
Z. Wang - Shandong University
Z. Wang - Shandong University
Z. Y. Wang - Shandong University
A. J. Watroba - Jagiellonian University
J. C. Webb - Brookhaven National Laboratory
P. C. Weidenkaff - Heidelberg University
G. D. Westfall - Michigan State University
D. Wielanek - Warsaw University of Technology
H. Wieman - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
G. Wilks - University of Illinois Chicago
S. W. Wissink - Indiana University
R. Witt - United States Naval Academy
C. P. Wong - Brookhaven National Laboratory
J. Wu - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
X. Wu - University of California System
X. Wu - University of California System
X. Wu - University of California System
B. Xi - Fudan University
Y. Xiao - Fudan University
Z. G. Xiao - Tsinghua University
G. Xie - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
W. Xie - Purdue University West Lafayette
H. Xu - Huzhou University
N. Xu - Central China Normal University
Q. H. Xu - Shandong University
Y. Xu - Shandong University
Y. Xu - Shandong University
Y. Xu - Shandong University
Y. Xu - Shandong University
Z. Xu - Kent State University
Z. Xu - Kent State University
G. Yan - Shandong University
Z. Yan - State University of New York
C. Yang - Shandong University
Q. Yang - Shandong University
S. Yang - South China Normal University
Y. Yang - Academia Sinica
Z. Ye - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Z. Ye - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
L. Yi - Shandong University
Y. Yu - Shandong University
H. Zbroszczyk - Warsaw University of Technology
W. Zha - University of Science and Technology of China
C. Zhang - Fudan University
D. Zhang - South China Normal University
J. Zhang - Shandong University
L. Zhang - Central China Normal University
S. Zhang - Chongqing University
W. Zhang - South China Normal University
X. Zhang - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. Zhang - University of Science and Technology of China
Y. Zhang - University of Science and Technology of China
Y. Zhang - University of Science and Technology of China
Y. Zhang - University of Science and Technology of China
Z. Zhang - University of Illinois Chicago
Z. Zhang - University of Illinois Chicago
F. Zhao - Lanzhou University
J. Zhao - Fudan University
S. Zhou - Central China Normal University
Y. Zhou - Central China Normal University
X. Zhu - Tsinghua University
M. Zurek - Argonne National Laboratory
M. Zyzak - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States)
Publication Details: Physical review letters, Vol.135(26)
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Identifiers: 991006249308102656
Academic Unit: Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article