Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

GBD Collaborators; GBD  Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators; Ilari Rautalin; Victor Volovici; Benjamin A Stark; Catherine O Johnson; Jaakko Kaprio; Miikka Korja; Rita V Krishnamurthi; Balakrishnan Sukumaran Nair; Annemarei Ranta; Gabriel JE Rinkel; Mervyn DI Vergouwen; Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Atef Abdelkader; Parsa Abdi; Arash Abdollahi; Auwal Abdullahi; Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Mohamed Abouzid; Dariush Abtahi; Samir Abu Rumeileh; Ahmed Abualhasan; Hasan Abualruz; Hana J Abukhadijah; Ahmed Abu-Zaid; Lawan Hassan Adamu; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Oyelola A Adegboye; Saryia Adra; Leticia Akua Adzigbli; Williams Agyemang-Duah; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Danish Ahmad; Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade; Ali Ahmed; Haroon Ahmed; Syed Anees Ahmed; Budi Aji; Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif; Yazan Al-Ajlouni; Ziyad Al-Aly; Mohammed Albashtawy; Mohammed Usman Ali; Mohammad Alif; Yousef Alimohamadi; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Mahmoud A Alomari; Ahmad Alrawashdeh; Mohammed A Alsabri; Rustam Al-Shahi Salman; Awais Altaf; Alaa B Al-Tammemi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Hassan Alwafi; Mohammad Al-Wardat; Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi; Hany Aly; Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya; Karem H Alzoubi; Reza Amani; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Alireza Amindarolzarbi; Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa; Deanna Anderlini; Dhanalakshmi Angappan; Abhishek Anil; Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa; Saleha Anwar; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Geminn Louis Carace Apostol; Jalal Arabloo; Demelash Areda; Johan Ärnlöv; Anton A Artamonov; Kurnia Dwi Artanti; Ashokan Arumugam; Zahra Aryan; Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi; Mubarek Yesse Ashemo; Tahira Ashraf; Mohammad Athar; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Avinash Aujayeb; Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe; Sina Azadnajafabad; Shahkaar Aziz; Ahmed Y Azzam; Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu; Nasser Bagheri; Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki; Saeed Bahramian; Ruhai Bai; Atif Amin Baig; Abdulaziz T Bako; Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu; Kiran Bam; Maciej Banach; Soham Bandyopadhyay; Biswajit Banik; Mainak Bardhan; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Lingkan Barua; Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan; Sanjay Basu; Shelly L Bell; Isabela M Bensenor; Alemshet Yirga Berhie; Kebede A Beyene; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Sonu Bhaskar; Ajay Nagesh Bhat; Vivek Bhat; Gurjit Kaur Bhatti; Jasvinder Singh Bhatti; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan; Mulugeta M Birhanu; Veera R Bitra; Archith Boloor; Hamed Borhany; Susanne Breitner; Hermann Brenner; Raffaele Bugiardini; Norma B Bulamu; Zahid A Butt; Lucas Scotta Cabral; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Daniela Calina; Luis Alberto Cámera; Luciana Aparecida Campos; Ismael Campos-Nonato; Angelo Capodici; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Alberico L Catapano; Luca Cegolon; Joshua Chadwick; Chiranjib Chakraborty; Promit Ananyo Chakraborty; Sandip Chakraborty; Rama Mohan Chandika; Gashaw Sisay Chanie; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Anis Ahmad Chaudhary; Gerald Chi; Fatemeh Chichagi; Patrick R Ching; 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Paolo Pedersini; Emmanuel K Peprah; Gavin Pereira; Arokiasamy Perianayagam; Norberto Perico; Simone Perna; Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha; Anil K Philip; Michael A Piradov; Evgenii Plotnikov; Roman V Polibin; Maarten J Postma; Jalandhar Pradhan; Manya Prasad; Jagadeesh Puvvula; Nameer Hashim Qasim; Gangzhen Qian; Alberto Raggi; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mosiur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Mohammad Rahmanian; Sathish Rajaa; Ali Rajabpour Sanati; Pushp Lata Rajpoot; Prashant Rajput; Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan; Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy; Sheena Ramazanu; Amey Rane; Sina Rashedi; Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi; Devarajan Rathish; Salman Rawaf; Christian Razo; Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy; Elrashdy Redwan; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Nazila Rezaei; Negar Rezaei; Mohsen Rezaeian; Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha; Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez; Leonardo Roever; Michele Romoli; Marina Romozzi; Allen Guy Ross; Himanshu Sekhar Rout; Nitai Roy; Priyanka Roy; Aly MA Saad; Zahra Saadatian; 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Journal article

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

GBD Collaborators, GBD Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators, Ilari Rautalin, Ilari Rautalin, Victor Volovici, Victor Volovici, Benjamin A Stark, Benjamin A Stark, Catherine O Johnson, Catherine O Johnson, …

08/01/2025

Abstract

2.4 Surveillance and distribution

3 Good Health and Well Being

32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences

3202 Clinical Sciences

3209 Neurosciences

Aging

Biomedical and Clinical Sciences

Brain Disorders

Burden of Illness

Cerebrovascular

Clinical Research

Clinical Sciences

GBD 2021 Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators

Neurosciences

Prevention

Stroke

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH. Design, Setting, and Participants: Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. Exposures: SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures: Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor-specific population attributable fractions (PAFs). Results: In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100 000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 modeled risk factors of which high systolic blood pressure (population attributable fraction [PAF] = 51.6%; 95% UI, 38.0%-62.6%) and smoking (PAF = 14.4%; 95% UI, 12.4%-16.5%) had the highest attribution. Conclusions and Relevance: Although the global age-standardized burden rates of SAH more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH.

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Title: Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Creators: GBD Collaborators
GBD Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators
Ilari Rautalin
Ilari Rautalin
Victor Volovici
Victor Volovici
Benjamin A Stark
Benjamin A Stark
Catherine O Johnson
Catherine O Johnson
Jaakko Kaprio
Jaakko Kaprio
Miikka Korja
Miikka Korja
Rita V Krishnamurthi
Rita V Krishnamurthi
Balakrishnan Sukumaran Nair
Balakrishnan Sukumaran Nair
Annemarei Ranta
Annemarei Ranta
Gabriel JE Rinkel
Gabriel JE Rinkel
Mervyn DI Vergouwen
Mervyn DI Vergouwen
Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate
Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate
Hedayat Abbastabar
Hedayat Abbastabar
Foad Abd-Allah
Foad Abd-Allah
Atef Abdelkader
Atef Abdelkader
Parsa Abdi
Parsa Abdi
Arash Abdollahi
Arash Abdollahi
Auwal Abdullahi
Auwal Abdullahi
Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun
Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun
Richard Gyan Aboagye
Richard Gyan Aboagye
Mohamed Abouzid
Mohamed Abouzid
Dariush Abtahi
Dariush Abtahi
Samir Abu Rumeileh
Samir Abu Rumeileh
Ahmed Abualhasan
Ahmed Abualhasan
Hasan Abualruz
Hasan Abualruz
Hana J Abukhadijah
Hana J Abukhadijah
Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Lawan Hassan Adamu
Lawan Hassan Adamu
Isaac Yeboah Addo
Isaac Yeboah Addo
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin
Oyelola A Adegboye
Oyelola A Adegboye
Saryia Adra
Saryia Adra
Leticia Akua Adzigbli
Leticia Akua Adzigbli
Williams Agyemang-Duah
Williams Agyemang-Duah
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Aqeel Ahmad
Aqeel Ahmad
Danish Ahmad
Danish Ahmad
Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade
Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade
Ali Ahmed
Ali Ahmed
Haroon Ahmed
Haroon Ahmed
Syed Anees Ahmed
Syed Anees Ahmed
Budi Aji
Budi Aji
Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
Yazan Al-Ajlouni
Yazan Al-Ajlouni
Ziyad Al-Aly
Ziyad Al-Aly
Mohammed Albashtawy
Mohammed Albashtawy
Mohammed Usman Ali
Mohammed Usman Ali
Mohammad Alif
Mohammad Alif
Yousef Alimohamadi
Yousef Alimohamadi
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
Mahmoud A Alomari
Mahmoud A Alomari
Ahmad Alrawashdeh
Ahmad Alrawashdeh
Mohammed A Alsabri
Mohammed A Alsabri
Rustam Al-Shahi Salman
Rustam Al-Shahi Salman
Awais Altaf
Awais Altaf
Alaa B Al-Tammemi
Alaa B Al-Tammemi
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
Hassan Alwafi
Hassan Alwafi
Mohammad Al-Wardat
Mohammad Al-Wardat
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Hany Aly
Hany Aly
Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya
Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya
Karem H Alzoubi
Karem H Alzoubi
Reza Amani
Reza Amani
Tarek Tawfik Amin
Tarek Tawfik Amin
Alireza Amindarolzarbi
Alireza Amindarolzarbi
Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa
Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa
Deanna Anderlini
Deanna Anderlini
Dhanalakshmi Angappan
Dhanalakshmi Angappan
Abhishek Anil
Abhishek Anil
Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa
Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa
Saleha Anwar
Saleha Anwar
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
Geminn Louis Carace Apostol
Geminn Louis Carace Apostol
Jalal Arabloo
Jalal Arabloo
Demelash Areda
Demelash Areda
Johan Ärnlöv
Johan Ärnlöv
Anton A Artamonov
Anton A Artamonov
Kurnia Dwi Artanti
Kurnia Dwi Artanti
Ashokan Arumugam
Ashokan Arumugam
Zahra Aryan
Zahra Aryan
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
Mubarek Yesse Ashemo
Mubarek Yesse Ashemo
Tahira Ashraf
Tahira Ashraf
Mohammad Athar
Mohammad Athar
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
Avinash Aujayeb
Avinash Aujayeb
Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe
Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe
Sina Azadnajafabad
Sina Azadnajafabad
Shahkaar Aziz
Shahkaar Aziz
Ahmed Y Azzam
Ahmed Y Azzam
Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
Nasser Bagheri
Nasser Bagheri
Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki
Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki
Saeed Bahramian
Saeed Bahramian
Ruhai Bai
Ruhai Bai
Atif Amin Baig
Atif Amin Baig
Abdulaziz T Bako
Abdulaziz T Bako
Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
Kiran Bam
Kiran Bam
Maciej Banach
Maciej Banach
Soham Bandyopadhyay
Soham Bandyopadhyay
Biswajit Banik
Biswajit Banik
Mainak Bardhan
Mainak Bardhan
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo
Till Winfried Bärnighausen
Till Winfried Bärnighausen
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
Lingkan Barua
Lingkan Barua
Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
Sanjay Basu
Sanjay Basu
Shelly L Bell
Shelly L Bell
Isabela M Bensenor
Isabela M Bensenor
Alemshet Yirga Berhie
Alemshet Yirga Berhie
Kebede A Beyene
Kebede A Beyene
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
Sonu Bhaskar
Sonu Bhaskar
Ajay Nagesh Bhat
Ajay Nagesh Bhat
Vivek Bhat
Vivek Bhat
Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
Ali Bijani
Ali Bijani
Boris Bikbov
Boris Bikbov
Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan
Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan
Mulugeta M Birhanu
Mulugeta M Birhanu
Veera R Bitra
Veera R Bitra
Archith Boloor
Archith Boloor
Hamed Borhany
Hamed Borhany
Susanne Breitner
Susanne Breitner
Hermann Brenner
Hermann Brenner
Raffaele Bugiardini
Raffaele Bugiardini
Norma B Bulamu
Norma B Bulamu
Zahid A Butt
Zahid A Butt
Lucas Scotta Cabral
Lucas Scotta Cabral
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos
Daniela Calina
Daniela Calina
Luis Alberto Cámera
Luis Alberto Cámera
Luciana Aparecida Campos
Luciana Aparecida Campos
Ismael Campos-Nonato
Ismael Campos-Nonato
Angelo Capodici
Angelo Capodici
Felix Carvalho
Felix Carvalho
Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela
Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela
Alberico L Catapano
Alberico L Catapano
Luca Cegolon
Luca Cegolon
Joshua Chadwick
Joshua Chadwick
Chiranjib Chakraborty
Chiranjib Chakraborty
Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
Sandip Chakraborty
Sandip Chakraborty
Rama Mohan Chandika
Rama Mohan Chandika
Gashaw Sisay Chanie
Gashaw Sisay Chanie
Vijay Kumar Chattu
Vijay Kumar Chattu
Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
Gerald Chi
Gerald Chi
Fatemeh Chichagi
Fatemeh Chichagi
Patrick R Ching
Patrick R Ching
Hitesh Chopra
Hitesh Chopra
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari
Enayet Karim Chowdhury
Enayet Karim Chowdhury
Dinh-Toi Chu
Dinh-Toi Chu
Sheng-Chia Chung
Sheng-Chia Chung
Alyssa Columbus
Alyssa Columbus
Michael H Criqui
Michael H Criqui
Alanna Gomes da Silva
Alanna Gomes da Silva
Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
Omid Dadras
Omid Dadras
Xiaochen Dai
Xiaochen Dai
Koustuv Dalal
Koustuv Dalal
Lachlan L Dalli
Lachlan L Dalli
Emanuele D’Amico
Mohsen Dashti
Mohsen Dashti
Kairat Davletov
Kairat Davletov
Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora
Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora
Shayom Debopadhaya
Shayom Debopadhaya
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
Emina Dervišević
Emina Dervišević
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu
Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
Amol S Dhane
Amol S Dhane
Mahmoud Dibas
Mahmoud Dibas
Thanh Chi
Thanh Chi
Thao Huynh Phuong
Thao Huynh Phuong
Sushil Dohare
Sushil Dohare
Mohamed Fahmy Doheim
Mohamed Fahmy Doheim
Klara Georgieva Dokova
Klara Georgieva Dokova
Deepa Dongarwar
Deepa Dongarwar
Mario D’Oria
Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi
Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi
Rajkumar Prakashbhai Doshi
Rajkumar Prakashbhai Doshi
Robert Kokou Dowou
Robert Kokou Dowou
Haneil Larson Dsouza
Haneil Larson Dsouza
Siddhartha Dutta
Siddhartha Dutta
Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic
Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic
Abdel Rahman E’mar
David Edvardsson
David Edvardsson
Defi Efendi
Defi Efendi
Ferry Efendi
Ferry Efendi
Nevine El Nahas
Nevine El Nahas
Islam Y Elgendy
Islam Y Elgendy
Muhammed Elhadi
Muhammed Elhadi
Chadi Eltaha
Chadi Eltaha
Mohd Elmagzoub Eltahir
Mohd Elmagzoub Eltahir
Theophilus I Emeto
Theophilus I Emeto
Natalia Fabin
Natalia Fabin
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
Ayesha Fahim
Ayesha Fahim
Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev
Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev
Jawad Fares
Jawad Fares
Pawan Sirwan Faris
Pawan Sirwan Faris
Nelsensius Klau Fauk
Nelsensius Klau Fauk
Timur Fazylov
Timur Fazylov
Ginenus Fekadu
Ginenus Fekadu
Nuno Ferreira
Nuno Ferreira
Getahun Fetensa
Getahun Fetensa
Florian Fischer
Florian Fischer
Matteo Foschi
Matteo Foschi
Ni Kadek Yuni Fridayani
Ni Kadek Yuni Fridayani
Abduzhappar Gaipov
Abduzhappar Gaipov
Avi A Gajjar
Avi A Gajjar
Aravind P Gandhi
Aravind P Gandhi
Balasankar Ganesan
Balasankar Ganesan
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Miglas Welay Gebregergis
Miglas Welay Gebregergis
Mesfin Gebrehiwot
Mesfin Gebrehiwot
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel
Molla Getie
Molla Getie
Delaram J Ghadimi
Delaram J Ghadimi
Fataneh Ghadirian
Fataneh Ghadirian
Sulmaz Ghahramani
Sulmaz Ghahramani
Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
Maryam Gholamalizadeh
Maryam Gholamalizadeh
Sherief Ghozy
Sherief Ghozy
Artyom Urievich Gil
Artyom Urievich Gil
Jaleed Ahmed Gilani
Jaleed Ahmed Gilani
Elena V Gnedovskaya
Elena V Gnedovskaya
Pouya Goleij
Pouya Goleij
Alessandra C Goulart
Alessandra C Goulart
Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart
Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart
Shi-Yang Guan
Shi-Yang Guan
Sapna Gupta
Sapna Gupta
Farrokh Habibzadeh
Farrokh Habibzadeh
Mostafa Hadei
Mostafa Hadei
Najah R Hadi
Najah R Hadi
Samer Hamidi
Samer Hamidi
Nasrin Hanifi
Nasrin Hanifi
Graeme J Hankey
Graeme J Hankey
Netanja I Harlianto
Netanja I Harlianto
Josep Maria Haro
Josep Maria Haro
Faizul Hasan
Faizul Hasan
Hamidreza Hasani
Hamidreza Hasani
Saquib Hasnain
Saquib Hasnain
Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei
Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei
Johannes Haubold
Johannes Haubold
Rasmus J Havmoeller
Rasmus J Havmoeller
Simon I Hay
Simon I Hay
Youssef Hbid
Youssef Hbid
Golnaz Heidari
Golnaz Heidari
Mohammad Heidari
Mohammad Heidari
Mehdi Hemmati
Mehdi Hemmati
Yuta Hiraike
Yuta Hiraike
Nguyen Quoc Hoan
Nguyen Quoc Hoan
Ramesh Holla
Ramesh Holla
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Sorin Hostiuc
Sorin Hostiuc
Junjie Huang
Junjie Huang
Hong-Han Huynh
Hong-Han Huynh
Bing-Fang Hwang
Bing-Fang Hwang
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
Nayu Ikeda
Nayu Ikeda
Adalia Ikiroma
Adalia Ikiroma
Mehran Ilaghi
Mehran Ilaghi
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
Irena M Ilic
Irena M Ilic
Milena D Ilic
Milena D Ilic
Rabiul Islam
Rabiul Islam
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
Hiroyasu Iso
Hiroyasu Iso
Gaetano Isola
Gaetano Isola
Masao Iwagami
Masao Iwagami
Louis Jacob
Louis Jacob
Abdollah Jafarzadeh
Abdollah Jafarzadeh
Akhil Jain
Akhil Jain
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
Mihajlo Jakovljevic
Mihajlo Jakovljevic
Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
Talha Jawaid
Talha Jawaid
Sathish Kumar Jayapal
Sathish Kumar Jayapal
Jost B Jonas
Jost B Jonas
Nitin Joseph
Nitin Joseph
Mikk Jürisson
Mikk Jürisson
Vidya Kadashetti
Vidya Kadashetti
Rizwan Kalani
Rizwan Kalani
Vineet Kumar Kamal
Vineet Kumar Kamal
Arun Kamireddy
Arun Kamireddy
Tanuj Kanchan
Tanuj Kanchan
Himal Kandel
Himal Kandel
Jafar Karami
Jafar Karami
Ibraheem M Karaye
Ibraheem M Karaye
Yeganeh Karimi
Yeganeh Karimi
Arman Karimi Behnagh
Arman Karimi Behnagh
Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
Gbenga A Kayode
Gbenga A Kayode
Foad Kazemi
Foad Kazemi
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Yousef Saleh Khader
Yousef Saleh Khader
Inn Kynn Khaing
Inn Kynn Khaing
Fayaz Khan
Fayaz Khan
Mohammad Jobair Khan
Mohammad Jobair Khan
Haitham Khatatbeh
Haitham Khatatbeh
Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh
Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
Khalid A Kheirallah
Khalid A Kheirallah
Feriha Fatima Khidri
Feriha Fatima Khidri
Moein Khormali
Moein Khormali
Atulya Aman Khosla
Atulya Aman Khosla
Kwanghyun Kim
Kwanghyun Kim
Yun Jin Kim
Yun Jin Kim
Adnan Kisa
Adnan Kisa
Sezer Kisa
Sezer Kisa
Mika Kivimäki
Mika Kivimäki
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Farzad Kompani
Farzad Kompani
Oleksii Korzh
Oleksii Korzh
Karel Kostev
Karel Kostev
Nikhil Kothari
Nikhil Kothari
Kewal Krishan
Kewal Krishan
Varun Krishna
Varun Krishna
Vijay Krishnamoorthy
Vijay Krishnamoorthy
Mohammed Kuddus
Mohammed Kuddus
Mukhtar Kulimbet
Mukhtar Kulimbet
Setor K Kunutsor
Setor K Kunutsor
Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Dian Kusuma
Dian Kusuma
Ville Kytö
Ville Kytö
Carlo La Vecchia
Carlo La Vecchia
Chandrakant Lahariya
Chandrakant Lahariya
Daphne Teck Ching Lai
Daphne Teck Ching Lai
Hanpeng Lai
Hanpeng Lai
Tri Laksono
Tri Laksono
Tea Lallukka
Tea Lallukka
Kamaluddin Latief
Kamaluddin Latief
Kaveh Latifinaibin
Kaveh Latifinaibin
Nhi Huu Hanh Le
Nhi Huu Hanh Le
Thao Thi Thu Le
Thao Thi Thu Le
Munjae Lee
Munjae Lee
Seung Won Lee
Seung Won Lee
Wei-Chen Lee
Wei-Chen Lee
Yo Han Lee
Yo Han Lee
Jacopo Lenzi
Jacopo Lenzi
Matilde Leonardi
Matilde Leonardi
Ming-Chieh Li
Ming-Chieh Li
Xiaopan Li
Xiaopan Li
Stephen S Lim
Stephen S Lim
Jialing Lin
Jialing ; https://orcid.org/--- Lin
Xuefeng Liu
Xuefeng Liu
Valerie Lohner
Valerie Lohner
László Lorenzovici
László Lorenzovici
Paulo A Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Jay B Lusk
Jay B Lusk
Ricardo Lutzky Saute
Ricardo Lutzky Saute
Hawraz Ibrahim M Amin
Hawraz Ibrahim M Amin
Armaan K Malhotra
Armaan K Malhotra
Kashish Malhotra
Kashish Malhotra
Ahmad Azam Malik
Ahmad Azam Malik
Deborah Carvalho Malta
Deborah Carvalho Malta
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani
Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani
Emmanuel Manu
Emmanuel Manu
Hamid Reza Marateb
Hamid Reza Marateb
Mirko Marino
Mirko Marino
Seyed Farzad Maroufi
Seyed Farzad Maroufi
Ramon Martinez-Piedra
Ramon Martinez-Piedra
Santi Martini
Santi Martini
Miquel Martorell
Miquel Martorell
Roy Rillera Marzo
Roy Rillera Marzo
Yasith Mathangasinghe
Yasith Mathangasinghe
Elezebeth Mathews
Elezebeth Mathews
Andrea Maugeri
Andrea Maugeri
Steven M McPhail
Steven M McPhail
Asim Mehmood
Asim Mehmood
Man Mohan Mehndiratta
Man Mohan Mehndiratta
Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad
Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad
Ritesh G Menezes
Ritesh G Menezes
Ayoub Meo
Ayoub Meo
Atte Meretoja
Atte Meretoja
Tomislav Mestrovic
Tomislav Mestrovic
Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda
Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda
Tomasz Miazgowski
Tomasz Miazgowski
Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá
Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá
Giuseppe Minervini
Giuseppe Minervini
Le Huu Nhat Minh
Le Huu Nhat Minh
Andreea Mirica
Andreea Mirica
Erkin M Mirrakhimov
Erkin M Mirrakhimov
Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
Ajay Kumar Mishra
Ajay Kumar Mishra
Prasanna Mithra
Prasanna Mithra
Abdalla Z Mohamed
Abdalla Z Mohamed
Ahmed Ismail Mohamed
Ahmed Ismail Mohamed
Ameen Mosa Mohammad
Ameen Mosa Mohammad
Soheil Mohammadi
Soheil Mohammadi
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Shafiu Mohammed
Shafiu Mohammed
Ali H Mokdad
Ali H Mokdad
Sabrina Molinaro
Sabrina Molinaro
Shaher Momani
Shaher Momani
Mohammad Ali Moni
Mohammad Ali Moni
AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf
AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf
Maryam Moradi
Maryam Moradi
Yousef Moradi
Yousef Moradi
Paula Moraga
Paula Moraga
Lidia Morawska
Lidia Morawska
Ahmed Msherghi
Ahmed Msherghi
Kavita Munjal
Kavita Munjal
Christopher JL Murray
Christopher JL Murray
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
Ganesh R Naik
Ganesh R Naik
Soroush Najdaghi
Soroush Najdaghi
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
Shumaila Nargus
Shumaila Nargus
Delaram Narimani Davani
Delaram Narimani Davani
Zuhair S Natto
Zuhair S Natto
Javaid Nauman
Javaid Nauman
Nawsherwan
Vinod C Nayak
Vinod C Nayak
Athare Nazri-Panjaki
Athare Nazri-Panjaki
Ruxandra Irina Negoi
Ruxandra Irina Negoi
Soroush Nematollahi
Soroush Nematollahi
Charles Richard James Newton
Charles Richard James Newton
Duc Hoang Nguyen
Duc Hoang Nguyen
Hau Thi Hien Nguyen
Hau Thi Hien Nguyen
Hien Quang Nguyen
Hien Quang Nguyen
Phat Tuan Nguyen
Phat Tuan Nguyen
Van Thanh Nguyen
Van Thanh Nguyen
Robina Khan Niazi
Robina Khan Niazi
Yeshambel T Nigatu
Yeshambel T Nigatu
Ali Nikoobar
Ali Nikoobar
Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sá
Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sá
Shuhei Nomura
Shuhei Nomura
Jean Jacques Noubiap
Jean Jacques Noubiap
Fred Nugen
Fred Nugen
Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam
Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam
Bogdan Oancea
Bogdan Oancea
Michael Safo Oduro
Michael Safo Oduro
Tolulope R Ojo-Akosile
Tolulope R Ojo-Akosile
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Sylvester Reuben ; https://orcid.org/--- Okeke
Sylvester Reuben Okeke
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
Andrew T Olagunju
Andrew T Olagunju
Muideen Tunbosun Olaiya
Muideen Tunbosun Olaiya
Arão Belitardo Oliveira
Arão Belitardo Oliveira
Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira
Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira
Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba
Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba
Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa
Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa
Raffaele Ornello
Raffaele Ornello
Esteban Ortiz-Prado
Esteban Ortiz-Prado
Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
Amel Ouyahia
Amel Ouyahia
Mayowa O Owolabi
Mayowa O Owolabi
Ahmad Ozair
Ahmad Ozair
Mahesh Padukudru P A
Mahesh Padukudru P A
Alicia Padron-Monedero
Alicia Padron-Monedero
Jagadish Rao Padubidri
Jagadish Rao Padubidri
Demosthenes Panagiotakos
Demosthenes Panagiotakos
Georgios D Panos
Georgios D Panos
Leonidas D Panos
Leonidas D Panos
Ioannis Pantazopoulos
Ioannis Pantazopoulos
Romil R Parikh
Romil R Parikh
Seoyeon Park
Seoyeon Park
Jay Patel
Jay Patel
Urvish K Patel
Urvish K Patel
Dimitrios Patoulias
Dimitrios Patoulias
Paolo Pedersini
Paolo Pedersini
Emmanuel K Peprah
Emmanuel K Peprah
Gavin Pereira
Gavin Pereira
Arokiasamy Perianayagam
Arokiasamy Perianayagam
Norberto Perico
Norberto Perico
Simone Perna
Simone Perna
Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha
Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha
Anil K Philip
Anil K Philip
Michael A Piradov
Michael A Piradov
Evgenii Plotnikov
Evgenii Plotnikov
Roman V Polibin
Roman V Polibin
Maarten J Postma
Maarten J Postma
Jalandhar Pradhan
Jalandhar Pradhan
Manya Prasad
Manya Prasad
Jagadeesh Puvvula
Jagadeesh Puvvula
Nameer Hashim Qasim
Nameer Hashim Qasim
Gangzhen Qian
Gangzhen Qian
Alberto Raggi
Alberto Raggi
Fakher Rahim
Fakher Rahim
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
Mosiur Rahman
Mosiur Rahman
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Amir Masoud Rahmani
Amir Masoud Rahmani
Mohammad Rahmanian
Mohammad Rahmanian
Sathish Rajaa
Sathish Rajaa
Ali Rajabpour Sanati
Ali Rajabpour Sanati
Pushp Lata Rajpoot
Pushp Lata Rajpoot
Prashant Rajput
Prashant Rajput
Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan
Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan
Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy
Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy
Sheena Ramazanu
Sheena Ramazanu
Amey Rane
Amey Rane
Sina Rashedi
Sina Rashedi
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
Devarajan Rathish
Devarajan Rathish
Salman Rawaf
Salman Rawaf
Christian Razo
Christian Razo
Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy
Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy
Elrashdy Redwan
Elrashdy Redwan
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Nazila Rezaei
Nazila Rezaei
Negar Rezaei
Negar Rezaei
Mohsen Rezaeian
Mohsen Rezaeian
Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha
Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha
Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez
Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez
Leonardo Roever
Leonardo Roever
Michele Romoli
Michele Romoli
Marina Romozzi
Marina Romozzi
Allen Guy Ross
Allen Guy Ross
Himanshu Sekhar Rout
Himanshu Sekhar Rout
Nitai Roy
Nitai Roy
Priyanka Roy
Priyanka Roy
Aly MA Saad
Aly MA Saad
Zahra Saadatian
Zahra Saadatian
Siamak Sabour
Siamak Sabour
Simona Sacco
Simona Sacco
Basema Ahmad Saddik
Basema Ahmad Saddik
Erfan Sadeghi
Erfan Sadeghi
Usman Saeed
Usman Saeed
Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo
Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo
Refat Uz Zaman Sajib
Refat Uz Zaman Sajib
Luciane B Salaroli
Luciane B Salaroli
Mohamed A Saleh
Mohamed A Saleh
Yoseph Leonardo Samodra
Yoseph Leonardo Samodra
Vijaya Paul Samuel
Vijaya Paul Samuel
Abdallah M Samy
Abdallah M Samy
Milena M Santric-Milicevic
Milena M Santric-Milicevic
Aswini Saravanan
Aswini Saravanan
Tanmay Sarkar
Tanmay Sarkar
Gargi Sachin Sarode
Gargi Sachin Sarode
Sachin C Sarode
Sachin C Sarode
Benn Sartorius
Benn Sartorius
Maheswar Satpathy
Maheswar Satpathy
Markus P Schlaich
Markus P Schlaich
Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
Art Schuermans
Art Schuermans
Siddharthan Selvaraj
Siddharthan Selvaraj
Subramanian Senthilkumaran
Subramanian Senthilkumaran
Sadaf G Sepanlou
Sadaf G Sepanlou
Yashendra Sethi
Yashendra Sethi
Allen Seylani
Allen Seylani
Ahmed Nabil Shaaban
Ahmed Nabil Shaaban
Mahan Shafie
Mahan Shafie
Moyad Jamal Shahwan
Moyad Jamal Shahwan
Masood Ali Shaikh
Masood Ali Shaikh
Summaiya Zareen Shaikh
Summaiya Zareen Shaikh
Muhammad Aaqib Shamim
Muhammad Aaqib Shamim
Anas Shamsi
Anas Shamsi
Alfiya Shamsutdinova
Alfiya Shamsutdinova
Mohd Shanawaz
Mohd Shanawaz
Mohammed Shannawaz
Mohammed Shannawaz
Amin Sharifan
Amin Sharifan
Javad Sharifi Rad
Javad Sharifi Rad
Vishal Sharma
Vishal Sharma
Bereket Beyene Shashamo
Bereket Beyene Shashamo
Mahabalesh Shetty
Mahabalesh Shetty
Premalatha K Shetty
Premalatha K Shetty
Mika Shigematsu
Mika Shigematsu
Aminu Shittu
Aminu Shittu
Ivy Shiue
Ivy Shiue
Nathan A Shlobin
Nathan A Shlobin
Seyed Afshin Shorofi
Seyed Afshin Shorofi
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Baljinder Singh
Baljinder Singh
Paramdeep Singh
Paramdeep Singh
Puneetpal Singh
Puneetpal Singh
Surjit Singh
Surjit Singh
Farrukh Sobia
Farrukh Sobia
Ranjan Solanki
Ranjan Solanki
Shipra Solanki
Shipra Solanki
Soroush Soraneh
Soroush Soraneh
Michael Spartalis
Michael Spartalis
Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy
Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy
Jeffrey D Stanaway
Jeffrey D Stanaway
Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Antonina V Starodubova
Antonina V Starodubova
Jing Sun
Jing Sun
Zhong Sun
Zhong Sun
Chandan Kumar Swain
Chandan Kumar Swain
Lukasz Szarpak
Lukasz Szarpak
Payam Tabaee Damavandi
Payam Tabaee Damavandi
Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
Celine Tabche
Celine Tabche
Jabeen Taiba
Jabeen Taiba
Iman M Talaat
Iman M Talaat
Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi
Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi
Ker-Kan Tan
Ker-Kan Tan
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
Masayuki Teramoto
Masayuki Teramoto
Ramna Thakur
Ramna Thakur
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
Rasiah Thayakaran
Rasiah Thayakaran
Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu
Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu
Krishna Tiwari
Krishna Tiwari
Marcello Tonelli
Marcello Tonelli
Roman Topor-Madry
Roman Topor-Madry
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
An Thien Tran
An Thien Tran
Jasmine T Tran
Jasmine T Tran
Thang Huu Tran
Thang Huu Tran
Nguyen Tran Minh Duc
Nguyen Tran Minh Duc
Thomas Clement Truelsen
Thomas Clement Truelsen
Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen
Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen
Daniel Hsiang-Te Tsai
Daniel Hsiang-Te Tsai
Atta Ullah
Atta Ullah
Brigid Unim
Brigid Unim
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
Carolyn Anne Unsworth
Carolyn Anne Unsworth
Jibrin Sammani Usman
Jibrin Sammani Usman
Sanaz Vahdati
Sanaz Vahdati
Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan
Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan
Rohollah Valizadeh
Rohollah Valizadeh
Jef Van den Eynde
Jef Van den Eynde
Joe Varghese
Joe Varghese
Tommi Juhani Vasankari
Tommi Juhani Vasankari
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Dominique Vervoort
Dominique Vervoort
Jorge Hugo Villafañe
Jorge Hugo Villafañe
Manish Vinayak
Manish Vinayak
Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov
Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov
Hatem A Wafa
Hatem A Wafa
Yasir Waheed
Yasir Waheed
Waseem Wahood
Waseem Wahood
Mandaras Tariku Walde
Mandaras Tariku Walde
Yanzhong Wang
Yanzhong Wang
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
Peter Willeit
Peter Willeit
Asrat Arja Wolde
Asrat Arja Wolde
Charles DA Wolfe
Charles DA Wolfe
Yihun Miskir Wubie
Yihun Miskir Wubie
Hong Xiao
Hong Xiao
Suowen Xu
Suowen Xu
Xiaoyue ; https://orcid.org/--- Xu
Xiaoyue Xu
Kazumasa Yamagishi
Kazumasa Yamagishi
Yuichiro Yano
Yuichiro Yano
Amir Yarahmadi
Amir Yarahmadi
Habib Yaribeygi
Habib Yaribeygi
Sanni Yaya
Sanni Yaya
Pengpeng Ye
Pengpeng Ye
Dong Keon Yon
Dong Keon Yon
Naohiro Yonemoto
Naohiro Yonemoto
Chuanhua Yu
Chuanhua Yu
Aurora Zanghì
Aurora Zanghì
Iman Zare
Iman Zare
Michael Zastrozhin
Michael Zastrozhin
Chen Zhang
Chen Zhang
Yunquan Zhang
Yunquan Zhang
Zhi-Jiang Zhang
Zhi-Jiang Zhang
Zhiqiang Zhang
Zhiqiang Zhang
Hanqing Zhao
Hanqing Zhao
Shang Cheng Zhou
Shang Cheng Zhou
Abzal Zhumagaliuly
Abzal Zhumagaliuly
Hafsa Zia
Hafsa Zia
Magdalena Zielińska
Magdalena Zielińska
Samer H Zyoud
Samer H Zyoud
Gregory A Roth
Gregory A Roth
Valery L Feigin
Valery L Feigin
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Identifiers: 991006214173302656
Academic Unit: Clinical Research and Public Health
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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