Abstract
Preventing stroke is a key aspect of managing atrial fibrillation (AF). Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have become the preferred choice due to their improved safety profiles and ease of use compared to warfarin. At the same time, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has evolved from being an option only for patients unable to tolerate anticoagulation to a legitimate treatment supported by clinical trials, longer-term follow-up, and real-world data. As ongoing research progresses, clinicians are increasingly considering whether LAAO could potentially replace long-term anticoagulation. This review analyzes comparative evidence on NOACs versus LAAO through 2026, focusing on stroke prevention, bleeding complications, survival, procedural risks, long-term outcomes, and appropriate patient selection. Special attention is given to the Indian subcontinent, where bleeding tendencies, coexisting conditions, medication adherence, and access to medical care create unique challenges compared to Western populations. Available evidence shows NOACs remain the standard initial therapy for most AF patients. However, LAAO delivers an important alternative for selected individuals at elevated bleeding risk, those experiencing recurrent clots despite proper anticoagulation, or patients unable to maintain lifelong drug treatment.