Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous disease, both clinically and genetically. Two genes responsible for X-linked DCM have been identified. Five genetic loci responsible for X-linked DCM have been identified. Five genetic loci responsible for autosomal dominant DCM have also been mapped but no genes identified so far. New paradigms may be necessary in order to elucidate the etiology of primary dilated cardiomyopathy.