Pattern of global spin alignment of phi and K-0 mesons in heavy-ion collisions

M. S. Abdallah; B. E. Aboona; J. Adam; L. Adamczyk; J. R. Adams; J. K. Adkins; G. Agakishiev; I. Aggarwal; M. M. Aggarwal; Z. Ahammed; A. Aitbaev; I. Alekseev; D. M. Anderson; A. Aparin; E. C. Aschenauer; M. U. Ashraf; F. G. Atetalla; G. S. Averichev; V. Bairathi; W. Baker; J. G. Ball Cap; K. Barish; A. Behera; R. Bellwied; P. Bhagat; A. Bhasin; J. Bielcik; J. Bielcikova; I. G. Bordyuzhin; J. D. Brandenburg; A. V. Brandin; X. Z. Cai; H. Caines; M. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez; D. Cebra; I. Chakaberia; P. Chaloupka; B. K. Chan; F. -H. Chang; Z. Chang; A. Chatterjee; S. Chattopadhyay; D. Chen; J. Chen; J. H. Chen; X. Chen; Z. Chen; J. Cheng; S. Choudhury; W. Christie; X. Chu; H. J. Crawford; M. Csanad; M. Daugherity; T. G. Dedovich; I. M. Deppner; A. A. Derevschikov; A. Dhamija; L. Di Carlo; L. Didenko; P. Dixit; X. Dong; J. L. Drachenberg; E. Duckworth; J. C. Dunlop; J. Engelage; G. Eppley; S. Esumi; O. Evdokimov; A. Ewigleben; O. Eyser; R. Fatemi; F. M. Fawzi; S. Fazio; C. J. Feng; Y. Feng; E. Finch; Y. Fisyak; A. Francisco; C. Fu; C. A. Gagliardi; T. Galatyuk; F. Geurts; N. Ghimire; A. Gibson; K. Gopal; X. Gou; D. Grosnick; A. Gupta; W. Guryn; A. Hamed; Y. Han; S. Harabasz; M. D. Harasty; J. W. Harris; H. Harrison; S. He; W. He; X. H. He; Y. He; S. Heppelmann; N. Herrmann; E. Hoffman; L. Holub; C. Hu; Q. Hu; Y. Hu; H. Huang; H. Z. Huang; S. L. Huang; T. Huang; X. Huang; Y. Huang; T. J. Humanic; D. Isenhower; M. Isshiki; W. W. Jacobs; C. Jena; A. Jentsch; Y. Ji; J. Jia; K. Jiang; X. Ju; E. G. Judd; S. Kabana; M. L. Kabir; S. Kagamaster; D. Kalinkin; K. Kang; D. Kapukchyan; K. Kauder; H. W. Ke; D. Keane; A. Kechechyan; M. Kelsey; D. P. Kikola; B. Kimelman; D. Kincses; I. Kisel; A. Kiselev; A. G. Knospe; H. S. Ko; L. Kochenda; A. Korobitsin; L. K. Kosarzewski; L. Kramarik; P. Kravtsov; L. Kumar; S. Kumar; R. Eunnawalkam Elayavalli; J. H. Kwasizur; R. Lacey; S. Lan; J. M. Landgraf; J. Lauret; A. Lebedev; R. Lednicky; J. H. Lee; Y. H. Leung; N. Lewis; C. Li; W. Li; X. Li; Y. Li; X. Liang; Y. Liang; R. Licenik; T. Lin; Y. Lin; M. A. Lisa; F. Liu; H. Liu; P. Liu; T. Liu; X. Liu; Y. Liu; Z. Liu; T. Ljubicic; W. J. Llope; R. S. Longacre; E. Loyd; T. Lu; N. S. Lukow; X. F. Luo; L. Ma; R. Ma; Y. G. Ma; N. Magdy; D. Mallick; S. L. Manukhov; S. Margetis; C. Markert; H. S. Matis; J. A. Mazer; N. G. Minaev; S. Mioduszewski; B. Mohanty; M. M. Mondal; I. Mooney; D. A. Morozov; A. Mukherjee; M. Nagy; J. D. Nam; Md Nasim; K. Nayak; D. Neff; J. M. Nelson; D. B. Nemes; M. Nie; G. Nigmatkulov; T. Niida; R. Nishitani; L. V. Nogach; T. Nonaka; A. S. Nunes; G. Odyniec; A. Ogawa; S. Oh; V. A. Okorokov; K. Okubo; B. S. Page; R. Pak; J. Pan; A. Pandav; A. K. Pandey; Y. Panebratsev; P. Parfenov; A. Paul; B. Pawlik; D. Pawlowska; C. Perkins; J. Pluta; B. R. Pokhrel; J. Porter; M. Posik; V. Prozorova; N. K. Pruthi; M. Przybycien; J. Putschke; H. Qiu; A. Quintero; C. Racz; S. K. Radhakrishnan; N. Raha; R. L. Ray; R. Reed; H. G. Ritter; M. Robotkova; J. L. Romero; D. Roy; L. Ruan; A. K. Sahoo; N. R. Sahoo; H. Sako; S. Salur; E. Samigullin; J. Sandweiss; S. Sato; W. B. Schmidke; N. Schmitz; B. R. Schweid; F. Seck; J. Seger; R. Seto; P. Seyboth; N. Shah; E. Shahaliev; P. V. Shanmuganathan; M. Shao; T. Shao; R. Sharma; A. I. Sheikh; D. Y. Shen; S. S. Shi; Y. Shi; Q. Y. Shou; E. P. Sichtermann; R. Sikora; J. Singh; S. Singha; P. Sinha; M. J. Skoby; N. Smirnov; Y. Soehngen; W. Solyst; Y. Song; H. M. Spinka; B. Srivastava; T. D. S. Stanislaus; M. Stefaniak; D. J. Stewart; M. Strikhanov; B. Stringfellow; A. A. P. Suaide; M. Sumbera; X. M. Sun; X. Sun; Y. Sun; B. Surrow; D. N. Svirida; Z. W. Sweger; P. Szymanski; A. H. Tang; Z. Tang; A. Taranenko; T. Tarnowsky; J. H. Thomas; A. R. Timmins; D. Tlusty; T. Todoroki; M. Tokarev; C. A. Tomkiel; S. Trentalange; R. E. Tribble; P. Tribedy; S. K. Tripathy; T. Truhlar; B. A. Trzeciak; O. D. Tsai; Z. Tu; T. Ullrich; D. G. Underwood; I. Upsal; G. Van Buren; J. Vanek; A. N. Vasiliev; I. Vassiliev; V. Verkest; F. Videbaek; S. Vokal; S. A. Voloshin; F. Wang; G. Wang; J. S. Wang; P. Wang; X. Wang; Y. Wang; Z. Wang; J. C. Webb; P. C. Weidenkaff; G. D. Westfall; H. Wieman; S. W. Wissink; R. Witt; J. Wu; Y. Wu; B. Xi; Z. G. Xiao; G. Xie; W. Xie; H. Xu; N. Xu; Q. H. Xu; Y. Xu; Z. Xu; G. Yan; C. Yang; Q. Yang; S. Yang; Y. Yang; Z. Ye; L. Yi; K. Yip; Y. Yu; H. Zbroszczyk; W. Zha; C. Zhang; D. Zhang; J. Zhang; S. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Z. J. Zhang; Z. Zhang; F. Zhao; J. Zhao; M. Zhao; C. Zhou; Y. Zhou; X. Zhu; M. Zurek; M. Zyzak; STAR Collaboration

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05557-5

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Pattern of global spin alignment of phi and K-0 mesons in heavy-ion collisions

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Pattern of global spin alignment of phi and K-0 mesons in heavy-ion collisions

M. S. Abdallah, B. E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, J. K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, …

Nature (London), Vol.614(7947), p.244

02/09/2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05557-5

PMID: 36653457

Abstract

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Science & Technology

Science & Technology - Other Topics

Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange(1), a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a considerable challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distances on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that, in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, in which quarks and gluons are set free over an extended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely phi and K-*0, emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. In particular, the global spin alignment for phi is unexpectedly large, whereas that for K-*0 is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment pattern and magnitude for phi cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, whereas a model with a connection to strong force fields(2-6), that is, an effective proxy description within the standard model and quantum chromodynamics, accommodates the current data. This connection, if fully established, will open a potential new avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields. At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, observations of two meson species produced by heavy-ion collisions, phi and K-*0, show surprising patterns of global spin alignment, being unexpectedly large and consistent with zero, respectively.

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Title: Pattern of global spin alignment of phi and K-0 mesons in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: M. S. Abdallah - Amer Univ Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
B. E. Aboona - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
J. Adam - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
L. Adamczyk - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci FPACS, Krakow, Poland
J. R. Adams - The Ohio State University
J. K. Adkins - University of Kentucky
G. Agakishiev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
I. Aggarwal - Panjab University
M. M. Aggarwal - Panjab University
Z. Ahammed - Cyclotron
A. Aitbaev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
I. Alekseev - Kurchatov Institute
D. M. Anderson - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
A. Aparin - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
E. C. Aschenauer - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
M. U. Ashraf - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
F. G. Atetalla - Kent State University
G. S. Averichev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
V. Bairathi - University of Tarapacá
W. Baker - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
J. G. Ball Cap - University of Houston
K. Barish - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
A. Behera - Stony Brook University
R. Bellwied - University of Houston
P. Bhagat - University of Jammu
A. Bhasin - University of Jammu
J. Bielcik - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
J. Bielcikova - CAS, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez, Czech Republic
I. G. Bordyuzhin - Kurchatov Institute
J. D. Brandenburg - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. V. Brandin - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
X. Z. Cai - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China
H. Caines - University of New Haven
M. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
D. Cebra - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
I. Chakaberia - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
P. Chaloupka - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
B. K. Chan - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
F. -H. Chang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan
Z. Chang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. Chatterjee - Warsaw University of Technology
S. Chattopadhyay - Cyclotron
D. Chen - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
J. Chen - Shandong University
J. H. Chen - Fudan University
X. Chen - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
Z. Chen - Shandong University
J. Cheng - Tsinghua University
S. Choudhury - Fudan University
W. Christie - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
X. Chu - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
H. J. Crawford - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
M. Csanad - Eötvös Loránd University
M. Daugherity - Abilene Christian University
T. G. Dedovich - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
I. M. Deppner - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany
A. A. Derevschikov - Kurchatov Institute
A. Dhamija - Panjab University
L. Di Carlo - Wayne State University
L. Didenko - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
P. Dixit - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
X. Dong - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
J. L. Drachenberg - Abilene Christian University
E. Duckworth - Kent State University
J. C. Dunlop - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
J. Engelage - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
G. Eppley - Rice University
S. Esumi - University of Tsukuba
O. Evdokimov - University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
A. Ewigleben - Lehigh University
O. Eyser - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
R. Fatemi - University of Kentucky
F. M. Fawzi - Amer Univ Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
S. Fazio - University of Calabria
C. J. Feng - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan
Y. Feng - Purdue University
E. Finch - Southern Connecticut State University
Y. Fisyak - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. Francisco - University of New Haven
C. Fu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
C. A. Gagliardi - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
T. Galatyuk - Tech Univ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
F. Geurts - Rice University
N. Ghimire - Temple University
A. Gibson - Valparaiso University
K. Gopal - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
X. Gou - Shandong University
D. Grosnick - Valparaiso University
A. Gupta - University of Jammu
W. Guryn - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. Hamed - Amer Univ Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
Y. Han - Rice University
S. Harabasz - Tech Univ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
M. D. Harasty - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
J. W. Harris - University of New Haven
H. Harrison - University of Kentucky
S. He - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
W. He - Fudan University
X. H. He - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
Y. He - Shandong University
S. Heppelmann - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
N. Herrmann - Heidelberg University
E. Hoffman - University of Houston
L. Holub - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
C. Hu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
Q. Hu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
Y. Hu - Fudan University
H. Huang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan
H. Z. Huang - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
S. L. Huang - Stony Brook University
T. Huang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan
X. Huang - Tsinghua University
Y. Huang - Tsinghua University
T. J. Humanic - The Ohio State University
D. Isenhower - Abilene Christian University
M. Isshiki - University of Tsukuba
W. W. Jacobs - Indiana University Bloomington
C. Jena - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
A. Jentsch - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
Y. Ji - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
J. Jia - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
K. Jiang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
X. Ju - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
E. G. Judd - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
S. Kabana - University of Tarapacá
M. L. Kabir - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
S. Kagamaster - Lehigh University
D. Kalinkin - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
K. Kang - Tsinghua University
D. Kapukchyan - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
K. Kauder - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
H. W. Ke - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
D. Keane - Kent State University
A. Kechechyan - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
M. Kelsey - Wayne State University
D. P. Kikola - Warsaw University of Technology
B. Kimelman - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
D. Kincses - Eötvös Loránd University
I. Kisel - FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany
A. Kiselev - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. G. Knospe - Lehigh University
H. S. Ko - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
L. Kochenda - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
A. Korobitsin - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
L. K. Kosarzewski - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
L. Kramarik - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
P. Kravtsov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
L. Kumar - Panjab University
S. Kumar - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
R. Eunnawalkam Elayavalli - University of New Haven
J. H. Kwasizur - Indiana University Bloomington
R. Lacey - Stony Brook University
S. Lan - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
J. M. Landgraf - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
J. Lauret - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. Lebedev - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
R. Lednicky - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
J. H. Lee - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
Y. H. Leung - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
N. Lewis - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
C. Li - Shandong University
W. Li - Rice University
X. Li - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
Y. Li - Tsinghua University
X. Liang - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
Y. Liang - Kent State University
R. Licenik - CAS, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez, Czech Republic
T. Lin - Shandong University
Y. Lin - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
M. A. Lisa - The Ohio State University
F. Liu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
H. Liu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
P. Liu - Stony Brook University
T. Liu - University of New Haven
X. Liu - The Ohio State University
Y. Liu - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
Z. Liu - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
T. Ljubicic - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
W. J. Llope - Wayne State University
R. S. Longacre - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
E. Loyd - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
T. Lu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
N. S. Lukow - Temple University
X. F. Luo - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
L. Ma - Fudan University
R. Ma - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
Y. G. Ma - Fudan University
N. Magdy - University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
D. Mallick - HBNI, NISER, Jatani, India
S. L. Manukhov - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
S. Margetis - Kent State University
C. Markert - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX USA
H. S. Matis - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
J. A. Mazer - Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA
N. G. Minaev - Kurchatov Institute
S. Mioduszewski - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
B. Mohanty - HBNI, NISER, Jatani, India
M. M. Mondal - Stony Brook University
I. Mooney - Wayne State University
D. A. Morozov - Kurchatov Institute
A. Mukherjee - Eötvös Loránd University
M. Nagy - Eötvös Loránd University
J. D. Nam - Temple University
Md Nasim - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
K. Nayak - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
D. Neff - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
J. M. Nelson - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
D. B. Nemes - University of New Haven
M. Nie - Shandong University
G. Nigmatkulov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
T. Niida - University of Tsukuba
R. Nishitani - University of Tsukuba
L. V. Nogach - Kurchatov Institute
T. Nonaka - University of Tsukuba
A. S. Nunes - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
G. Odyniec - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
A. Ogawa - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
S. Oh - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
V. A. Okorokov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
K. Okubo - University of Tsukuba
B. S. Page - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
R. Pak - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
J. Pan - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
A. Pandav - HBNI, NISER, Jatani, India
A. K. Pandey - University of Tsukuba
Y. Panebratsev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
P. Parfenov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
A. Paul - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
B. Pawlik - PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland
D. Pawlowska - Warsaw University of Technology
C. Perkins - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
J. Pluta - Warsaw University of Technology
B. R. Pokhrel - Temple University
J. Porter - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
M. Posik - Temple University
V. Prozorova - University of Jammu
N. K. Pruthi - Panjab University
M. Przybycien - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci FPACS, Krakow, Poland
J. Putschke - Wayne State University
H. Qiu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
A. Quintero - Temple University
C. Racz - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
S. K. Radhakrishnan - Kent State University
N. Raha - Wayne State University
R. L. Ray - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX USA
R. Reed - Lehigh University
H. G. Ritter - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
M. Robotkova - CAS, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez, Czech Republic
J. L. Romero - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
D. Roy - Rutgers University
L. Ruan - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
A. K. Sahoo - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
N. R. Sahoo - Shandong University
H. Sako - University of Tsukuba
S. Salur - Rutgers University
E. Samigullin - Kurchatov Institute
J. Sandweiss - University of New Haven
S. Sato - University of Tsukuba
W. B. Schmidke - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
N. Schmitz - Max
B. R. Schweid - Stony Brook University
F. Seck - Tech Univ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
J. Seger - Creighton University
R. Seto - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
P. Seyboth - Max
N. Shah - Indian Institute of Technology Patna
E. Shahaliev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
P. V. Shanmuganathan - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
M. Shao - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
T. Shao - Fudan University
R. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
A. I. Sheikh - Kent State University
D. Y. Shen - Fudan University
S. S. Shi - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
Y. Shi - Shandong University
Q. Y. Shou - Fudan University
E. P. Sichtermann - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
R. Sikora - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci FPACS, Krakow, Poland
J. Singh - Panjab University
S. Singha - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
P. Sinha - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
M. J. Skoby - Purdue University
N. Smirnov - University of New Haven
Y. Soehngen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany
W. Solyst - Indiana University Bloomington
Y. Song - University of New Haven
H. M. Spinka - Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA
B. Srivastava - Purdue University
T. D. S. Stanislaus - Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN USA
M. Stefaniak - Warsaw University of Technology
D. J. Stewart - University of New Haven
M. Strikhanov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
B. Stringfellow - Purdue University
A. A. P. Suaide - University of Sao Paulo
M. Sumbera - CAS, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez, Czech Republic
X. M. Sun - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
X. Sun - Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA
Y. Sun - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
B. Surrow - Temple University
D. N. Svirida - Kurchatov Institute
Z. W. Sweger - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA
P. Szymanski - Warsaw University of Technology
A. H. Tang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
Z. Tang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
A. Taranenko - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
T. Tarnowsky - Michigan State University
J. H. Thomas - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
A. R. Timmins - University of Houston
D. Tlusty - Creighton University
T. Todoroki - University of Tsukuba
M. Tokarev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
C. A. Tomkiel - Lehigh University
S. Trentalange - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
R. E. Tribble - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
P. Tribedy - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
S. K. Tripathy - Eötvös Loránd University
T. Truhlar - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
B. A. Trzeciak - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
O. D. Tsai - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
Z. Tu - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
T. Ullrich - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
D. G. Underwood - Valparaiso University
I. Upsal - Rice University
G. Van Buren - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
J. Vanek - CAS, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez, Czech Republic
A. N. Vasiliev - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
I. Vassiliev - FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany
V. Verkest - Wayne State University
F. Videbaek - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
S. Vokal - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia
S. A. Voloshin - Wayne State University
F. Wang - Purdue University
G. Wang - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
J. S. Wang - Huzhou University
P. Wang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
X. Wang - Shandong University
Y. Wang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
Z. Wang - Shandong University
J. C. Webb - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
P. C. Weidenkaff - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany
G. D. Westfall - Michigan State University
H. Wieman - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
S. W. Wissink - Indiana University Bloomington
R. Witt - US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA
J. Wu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
Y. Wu - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
B. Xi - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Z. G. Xiao - Tsinghua University
G. Xie - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
W. Xie - Purdue University
H. Xu - Huzhou University
N. Xu - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA
Q. H. Xu - Shandong University
Y. Xu - Shandong University
Z. Xu - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
G. Yan - Shandong University
C. Yang - Shandong University
Q. Yang - Shandong University
S. Yang - South China Normal University
Y. Yang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan
Z. Ye - Rice University
L. Yi - Shandong University
K. Yip - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
Y. Yu - Shandong University
H. Zbroszczyk - Warsaw University of Technology
W. Zha - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China
C. Zhang - Stony Brook University
D. Zhang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
J. Zhang - Shandong University
S. Zhang - Fudan University
Y. Zhang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
Z. J. Zhang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, Taiwan
Z. Zhang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
F. Zhao - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
J. Zhao - Fudan University
M. Zhao - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA
C. Zhou - Fudan University
Y. Zhou - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China
X. Zhu - Tsinghua University
M. Zurek - Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA
M. Zyzak - FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany
STAR Collaboration
Publication Details: Nature (London), Vol.614(7947), p.244
Publisher: NATURE PORTFOLIO
Number of pages: 19
Grant note: Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Ministry of Science and Technology, China National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office, New National Excellency Programme of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities German Bundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF); Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Czech Science Foundation and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science Higher Education Sprout Project by Ministry of Education at NCKU National Research Foundation of Korea Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia Helmholtz Association National Science Centre of Poland; National Science Centre, Poland Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) U.S. National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chinese Ministry of Education; Ministry of Education, China
Identifiers: 991006034262402656
Academic Unit: Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Pattern of global spin alignment of phi and K-0 mesons in heavy-ion collisions

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