Precision Measurement of Net-Proton-Number Fluctuations in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC

B. E. Aboona; J. Adam; L. Adamczyk; I. Aggarwal; M. M. Aggarwal; Z. Ahammed; A. K. Alshammri; E. C. Aschenauer; S. Aslam; J. Atchison; V. Bairathi; X. Bao; K. Barish; S. Behera; R. Bellwied; P. Bhagat; A. Bhasin; S. Bhatta; S. R. Bhosale; J. Bielcik; J. Bielcikova; J. D. Brandenburg; C. Broodo; X. Z. Cai; H. Caines; M. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez; D. Cebra; J. Ceska; I. Chakaberia; P. Chaloupka; B. K. Chan; Z. Chang; A. Chatterjee; D. Chen; J. Chen; J. H. Chen; Q. Chen; Z. Chen; J. Cheng; Y. Cheng; W. Christie; X. Chu; S. Corey; H. J. Crawford; M. Csanad; G. Dale-Gau; A. Das; I. M. Deppner; A. Deshpande; A. Dhamija; A. Dimri; P. Dixit; X. Dong; J. L. Drachenberg; E. Duckworth; J. C. Dunlop; J. Engelage; G. Eppley; S. Esumi; O. Evdokimov; O. Eyser; R. Fatemi; S. Fazio; Y. Feng; E. Finch; Y. Fisyak; F. A. Flor; C. Fu; T. Fu; C. A. Gagliardi; T. Galatyuk; T. Gao; F. Geurts; N. Ghimire; A. Gibson; K. Gopal; X. Gou; D. Grosnick; A. Gu; A. Gupta; W. Guryn; A. Hamed; R. J. Hamilton; X. Han; S. Harabasz; M. D. Harasty; J. W. Harris; H. Harrison-Smith; L. B. Havener; X. H. He; Y. He; N. Herrmann; L. Holub; C. Hu; Q. Hu; Y. Hu; H. Huang; H. Z. Huang; S. L. Huang; T. Huang; Y. Huang; T. J. Humanic; M. Isshiki; W. W. Jacobs; A. Jalotra; C. Jena; A. Jentsch; Y. Ji; J. Jia; C. Jin; N. Jindal; X. Ju; E. G. Judd; S. Kabana; D. Kalinkin; K. Kang; D. Kapukchyan; K. Kauder; D. Keane; M. Kesler; A. Khanal; Y. V. Khyzhniak; D. P. Kikola; J. Kim; D. Kincses; I. Kisel; A. Kiselev; A. G. Knospe; J. Kolas; B. Korodi; L. K. Kosarzewski; L. Kumar; M. C. Labonte; R. Lacey; J. M. Landgraf; C. Larson; J. Lauret; A. Lebedev; J. H. Lee; Y. H. Leung; C. Li; D. Li; H-S. Li; H. Li; W. Li; X. Li; Y. Li; Z. Li; X. Liang; Y. Liang; R. Licenik; T. Lin; Y. Lin; M. A. Lisa; C. Liu; G. Liu; H. Liu; L. Liu; Z. Liu; T. Ljubicic; O. Lomicky; R. S. Longacre; E. M. Loyd; T. Lu; J. Luo; X. F. Luo; L. Ma; R. Ma; Y. G. Ma; N. Magdy; D. Mallick; R. Manikandhan; S. Margetis; C. Markert; O. Matonoha; O. Mezhanska; K. Mi; S. Mioduszewski; B. Mohanty; B. Mondal; M. M. Mondal; I. Mooney; J. Mrazkova; M. I. Nagy; C. J. Naim; A. S. Nain; J. D. Nam; M. Nasim; H. Nasrulloh; D. Neff; J. M. Nelson; M. Nie; G. Nigmatkulov; T. Niida; T. Nonaka; G. Odyniec; A. Ogawa; S. Oh; K. Okubo; B. S. Page; S. Pal; A. Pandav; A. Panday; A. K. Pandey; T. Pani; A. Paul; S. Paul; D. Pawlowska; C. Perkins; J. Pluta; B. R. Pokhrel; I. D. Ponce Pinto; M. Posik; E. Pottebaum; S. Prodhan; T. L. Protzman; A. Prozorov; V. Prozorova; N. K. Pruthi; M. Przybycien; J. Putschke; Z. Qin; H. Qiu; C. Racz; S. K. Radhakrishnan; A. Rana; R. L. Ray; R. Reed; C. W. Robertson; M. Robotkova; M. A. Rosales Aguilar; D. Roy; P. Roy Chowdhury; L. Ruan; A. K. Sahoo; N. R. Sahoo; H. Sako; S. Salur; S. S. Sambyal; J. K. Sandhu; S. Sato; B. C. Schaefer; N. Schmitz; F-J. Seck; J. Seger; R. Seto; P. Seyboth; N. Shah; P. V. Shanmuganathan; T. Shao; M. Sharma; N. Sharma; R. Sharma; S. R. Sharma; A. I. Sheikh; D. Shen; D. Y. Shen; K. Shen; S. Shi; Y. Shi; F. Si; J. Singh; S. Singha; P. Sinha; M. J. Skoby; N. Smirnov; Y. Sohngen; Y. Song; T. D. S. Stanislaus; M. Stefaniak; Y. Su; M. Sumbera; X. Sun; Y. Sun; B. Surrow; M. Svoboda; Z. W. Sweger; A. C. Tamis; A. H. Tang; Z. Tang; T. Tarnowsky; J. H. Thomas; A. R. Timmins; D. Tlusty; T. Todoroki; D. Torres Valladares; S. Trentalange; P. Tribedy; S. K. Tripathy; T. Truhlar; B. A. Trzeciak; O. D. Tsai; C. Y. Tsang; Z. Tu; J. Tyler; T. Ullrich; D. G. Underwood; G. Van Buren; J. Vanek; I. Vassiliev; F. Videbaek; S. A. Voloshin; F. Wang; G. Wang; J. S. Wang; J. Wang; K. Wang; X. Wang; Y. Wang; Z. Wang; A. J. Watroba; J. C. Webb; P. C. Weidenkaff; G. D. Westfall; D. Wielanek; H. Wieman; G. Wilks; S. W. Wissink; R. Witt; C. P. Wong; J. Wu; X. Wu; B. Xi; Z. G. Xiao; G. Xie; W. Xie; H. Xu; N. Xu; Q. H. Xu; Y. Xu; Z. Xu; G. Yan; Z. Yan; C. Yang; Q. Yang; S. Yang; Y. Yang; Z. Ye; L. Yi; Y. Yu; H. Zbroszczyk; W. Zha; C. Zhang; D. Zhang; J. Zhang; S. Zhang; W. Zhang; X. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Z. Zhang; F. Zhao; J. Zhao; M. Zhao; S. Zhou; Y. Zhou; X. Zhu; M. Zurek; M. Zyzak; STAR Collaboration

doi:10.1103/9l69-2d7p

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Precision Measurement of Net-Proton-Number Fluctuations in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Precision Measurement of Net-Proton-Number Fluctuations in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC

B. E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. K. Alshammri, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, …

Physical review letters, Vol.135(14), 142301

09/29/2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9l69-2d7p

Abstract

Physical Sciences

Physics

Physics, Multidisciplinary

Science & Technology

We report precision measurements on cumulants (C-n) and factorial cumulants (kappa(n)) of (net) proton number distributions up to fourth order in Au + Au collisions over center- of-mass energies root s(NN) = 7.7- 27 GeV from phase II of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. (Anti)protons are selected at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) within a transverse momentum range of 0.4 < p(T) < 2.0 GeV=c. Relative to various noncritical-point model calculations and peripheral collision 70%-80% data, the net proton C-4/C-2 measurement in 0%-5% collisions shows a minimum around 19.6 GeV for significance of deviation at similar to 2-5 sigma. A minimum in C-4/C-2 with respect to a noncritical baseline is expected to be a characteristic feature of the signature associated with a critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In addition, deviations from noncritical baselines around the same collision energy region are also seen in proton factorial cumulant ratios, especially in kappa(2)/kappa(1) and kappa(3)/kappa(1). Dynamical model calculations including a critical point are called for in order to understand these precision measurements.

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Title: Precision Measurement of Net-Proton-Number Fluctuations in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC
Creators: B. E. Aboona - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
J. Adam - Czech Technical University in Prague
L. Adamczyk - AGH University of Krakow
I. Aggarwal - Panjab University
M. M. Aggarwal - Panjab University
Z. Ahammed - Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre
A. K. Alshammri - Kent State University
E. C. Aschenauer - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Aslam - Fudan University
J. Atchison - Abilene Christian University
V. Bairathi - University of Tarapacá
X. Bao - Shandong University
K. Barish - University of California System
S. Behera - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
R. Bellwied - University of Houston
P. Bhagat - University of Jammu
A. Bhasin - University of Jammu
S. Bhatta - State University of New York
S. R. Bhosale - AGH University of Krakow
J. Bielcik - Czech Technical University in Prague
J. Bielcikova - Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute
J. D. Brandenburg - The Ohio State University
C. Broodo - University of Houston
X. Z. Cai - Chinese Academy of Sciences
H. Caines - Yale University
M. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
D. Cebra - University of California System
J. Ceska - Czech Technical University in Prague
I. Chakaberia - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
P. Chaloupka - Czech Technical University in Prague
B. K. Chan - University of California System
Z. Chang - Indiana University
A. Chatterjee - National Institute of Technology Durgapur
D. Chen - University of California System
J. Chen - Shandong University
J. H. Chen - Shandong University
Q. Chen - Guangxi Normal University
Z. Chen - Shandong University
J. Cheng - Tsinghua University
Y. Cheng - University of California System
W. Christie - Brookhaven National Laboratory
X. Chu - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Corey - The Ohio State University
H. J. Crawford - University of California System
M. Csanad - Eötvös Loránd University
G. Dale-Gau - University of Illinois Chicago
A. Das - Czech Technical University in Prague
I. M. Deppner - Heidelberg University
A. Deshpande - State University of New York
A. Dhamija - Panjab University
A. Dimri - State University of New York
P. Dixit - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
X. Dong - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
J. L. Drachenberg - Abilene Christian University
E. Duckworth - Kent State University
J. C. Dunlop - Brookhaven National Laboratory
J. Engelage - University of California System
G. Eppley - Rice University
S. Esumi - University of Tsukuba
O. Evdokimov - University of Illinois Chicago
O. Eyser - Brookhaven National Laboratory
R. Fatemi - University of Kentucky
S. Fazio - University of Calabria
Y. Feng - Purdue University West Lafayette
E. Finch - Southern Connecticut State University
Y. Fisyak - Brookhaven National Laboratory
F. A. Flor - Yale University
C. Fu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T. Fu - Shandong University
C. A. Gagliardi - Texas A&M University
T. Galatyuk - Technical University of Darmstadt
T. Gao - Shandong University
F. Geurts - Rice University
N. Ghimire - Temple College
A. Gibson - Valparaiso University
K. Gopal - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
X. Gou - Shandong University
D. Grosnick - Valparaiso University
A. Gu - Huzhou University
A. Gupta - University of Jammu
W. Guryn - Brookhaven National Laboratory
A. Hamed - American University in Cairo
R. J. Hamilton - Yale University
X. Han - The Ohio State University
S. Harabasz - Technical University of Darmstadt
M. D. Harasty - University of California System
J. W. Harris - Yale University
H. Harrison-Smith - University of Kentucky
L. B. Havener - Yale University
X. H. He - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. He - Shandong University
N. Herrmann - Heidelberg University
L. Holub - Czech Technical University in Prague
C. Hu - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Q. Hu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. Hu - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
H. Huang - Academia Sinica
H. Z. Huang - Academia Sinica
S. L. Huang - State University of New York
T. Huang - University of Illinois Chicago
Y. Huang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
T. J. Humanic - The Ohio State University
M. Isshiki - University of Tsukuba
W. W. Jacobs - Indiana University Bloomington
A. Jalotra - University of Jammu
C. Jena - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
A. Jentsch - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Y. Ji - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
J. Jia - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
C. Jin - Rice University
N. Jindal - The Ohio State University
X. Ju - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
E. G. Judd - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
S. Kabana - University of Tarapacá
D. Kalinkin - University of Kentucky
K. Kang - Tsinghua University
D. Kapukchyan - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
K. Kauder - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
D. Keane - Kent State University
M. Kesler - Kent State University
A. Khanal - Wayne State University
Y. V. Khyzhniak - The Ohio State University
D. P. Kikola - Warsaw University of Technology
J. Kim - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
D. Kincses - Eötvös Loránd University
I. Kisel - Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
A. Kiselev - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
A. G. Knospe - Lehigh University
J. Kolas - Warsaw University of Technology
B. Korodi - The Ohio State University
L. K. Kosarzewski - The Ohio State University
L. Kumar - Panjab University
M. C. Labonte - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
R. Lacey - Stony Brook University
J. M. Landgraf - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
C. Larson - University of Kentucky
J. Lauret - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
A. Lebedev - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
J. H. Lee - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Y. H. Leung - Heidelberg University
C. Li - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
D. Li - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
H-S. Li - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
H. Li - Guangxi Normal University
W. Li - Rice University
X. Li - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
Y. Li - Tsinghua University
Z. Li - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
X. Liang - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
Y. Liang - Kent State University
R. Licenik - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
T. Lin - Shandong University
Y. Lin - Guangxi Normal University
M. A. Lisa - The Ohio State University
C. Liu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
G. Liu - South China Normal University
H. Liu - Huzhou University
L. Liu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Z. Liu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
T. Ljubicic - Rice University
O. Lomicky - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
R. S. Longacre - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
E. M. Loyd - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
T. Lu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
J. Luo - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
X. F. Luo - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
L. Ma - Fudan University
R. Ma - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Y. G. Ma - Fudan University
N. Magdy - University of Houston
D. Mallick - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
R. Manikandhan - University of Houston
S. Margetis - Kent State University
C. Markert - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
O. Matonoha - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
O. Mezhanska - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
K. Mi - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
S. Mioduszewski - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
B. Mohanty - HBNI, Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Jatni 752050, India
B. Mondal - HBNI, Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Jatni 752050, India
M. M. Mondal - HBNI, Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Jatni 752050, India
I. Mooney - University of New Haven
J. Mrazkova - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
M. I. Nagy - Eötvös Loránd University
C. J. Naim - Stony Brook University
A. S. Nain - Panjab University
J. D. Nam - Temple University
M. Nasim - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
H. Nasrulloh - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
D. Neff - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J. M. Nelson - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
M. Nie - Shandong University
G. Nigmatkulov - University of Illinois Chicago
T. Niida - University of Tsukuba
T. Nonaka - University of Tsukuba
G. Odyniec - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
A. Ogawa - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. Oh - Sejong University
K. Okubo - University of Tsukuba
B. S. Page - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. Pal - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
A. Pandav - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
A. Panday - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
A. K. Pandey - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
T. Pani - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
A. Paul - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
S. Paul - Stony Brook University
D. Pawlowska - Warsaw University of Technology
C. Perkins - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
J. Pluta - Warsaw University of Technology
B. R. Pokhrel - Temple University
I. D. Ponce Pinto - University of New Haven
M. Posik - Temple University
E. Pottebaum - University of New Haven
S. Prodhan - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
T. L. Protzman - Lehigh University
A. Prozorov - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
V. Prozorova - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
N. K. Pruthi - Panjab University
M. Przybycien - AGH University of Krakow
J. Putschke - Wayne State University
Z. Qin - Tsinghua University
H. Qiu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
C. Racz - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
S. K. Radhakrishnan - Kent State University
A. Rana - Panjab University
R. L. Ray - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
R. Reed - Lehigh University
C. W. Robertson - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
M. Robotkova - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
M. A. Rosales Aguilar - University of Kentucky
D. Roy - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
P. Roy Chowdhury - Warsaw University of Technology
L. Ruan - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
A. K. Sahoo - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
N. R. Sahoo - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
H. Sako - University of Tsukuba
S. Salur - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
S. S. Sambyal - University of Jammu
J. K. Sandhu - Lehigh University
S. Sato - University of Tsukuba
B. C. Schaefer - Lehigh University
N. Schmitz - Max
F-J. Seck - Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
J. Seger - Creighton University
R. Seto - Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
P. Seyboth - Max
N. Shah - Indian Institute of Technology Patna
P. V. Shanmuganathan - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
T. Shao - Fudan University
M. Sharma - University of Jammu
N. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur
R. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
S. R. Sharma - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
A. I. Sheikh - Kent State University
D. Shen - Shandong University
D. Y. Shen - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
K. Shen - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
S. Shi - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Y. Shi - Shandong University
F. Si - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
J. Singh - University of Tarapacá
S. Singha - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
P. Sinha - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati
M. J. Skoby - Ball State University
N. Smirnov - University of New Haven
Y. Sohngen - Heidelberg University
Y. Song - University of New Haven
T. D. S. Stanislaus - Valparaiso University
M. Stefaniak - The Ohio State University
Y. Su - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
M. Sumbera - CAS, Nucl Phys Inst, Rez 25068, Czech Republic
X. Sun - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
Y. Sun - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
B. Surrow - Temple University
M. Svoboda - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
Z. W. Sweger - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
A. C. Tamis - University of New Haven
A. H. Tang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Z. Tang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
T. Tarnowsky - Michigan State University
J. H. Thomas - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
A. R. Timmins - University of Houston
D. Tlusty - Creighton University
T. Todoroki - University of Tsukuba
D. Torres Valladares - Rice University
S. Trentalange - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
P. Tribedy - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. K. Tripathy - Warsaw University of Technology
T. Truhlar - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
B. A. Trzeciak - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
O. D. Tsai - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
C. Y. Tsang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Z. Tu - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
J. Tyler - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
T. Ullrich - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
D. G. Underwood - Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
G. Van Buren - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
J. Vanek - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
I. Vassiliev - Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
F. Videbaek - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. A. Voloshin - Wayne State University
F. Wang - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
G. Wang - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J. S. Wang - Huzhou University
J. Wang - Shandong University
K. Wang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
X. Wang - Shandong University
Y. Wang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Z. Wang - Shandong University
A. J. Watroba - AGH University of Krakow
J. C. Webb - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
P. C. Weidenkaff - Heidelberg University
G. D. Westfall - Michigan State University
D. Wielanek - Warsaw University of Technology
H. Wieman - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
G. Wilks - University of Illinois Chicago
S. W. Wissink - Indiana University Bloomington
R. Witt - US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA
C. P. Wong - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
J. Wu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
X. Wu - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
B. Xi - Fudan University
Z. G. Xiao - Tsinghua University
G. Xie - Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 101408, Peoples R China
W. Xie - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
H. Xu - Huzhou University
N. Xu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Q. H. Xu - Shandong University
Y. Xu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Z. Xu - Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
G. Yan - Shandong University
Z. Yan - Stony Brook University
C. Yang - Shandong University
Q. Yang - Shandong University
S. Yang - South China Normal University
Y. Yang - Acad Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
Z. Ye - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
L. Yi - Shandong University
Y. Yu - Shandong University
H. Zbroszczyk - Warsaw University of Technology
W. Zha - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
C. Zhang - Fudan University
D. Zhang - South China Normal University
J. Zhang - Shandong University
S. Zhang - Chongqing University
W. Zhang - South China Normal University
X. Zhang - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
Y. Zhang - Guangxi Normal University
Z. Zhang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
F. Zhao - Lanzhou University
J. Zhao - Fudan University
M. Zhao - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. Zhou - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Y. Zhou - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
X. Zhu - Tsinghua University
M. Zurek - Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
M. Zyzak - Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
STAR Collaboration
Publication Details: Physical review letters, Vol.135(14), 142301
Publisher: Amer Physical Soc
Number of pages: 8
Grant note: Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Ministry of Science and Technology, China Chinese Ministry of Education; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China RHIC Operations Group WUT ID-UB of Poland Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science Czech Science Foundation; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia National Science Centre of Poland; National Science Centre, Poland Open Science Grid consortium SDCC at BNL
Identifiers: 991006242957902656
Academic Unit: Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Precision Measurement of Net-Proton-Number Fluctuations in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC

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