Abstract
Science and theology are two of the most important cognitive systems and, historically, have been at odds in their interpretation of reality. The Second Vatican Council and Popes John Paul II and Francis have called for a deeper integration of, and dialogue and consonance between, science and theology that promotes a future that is “healthier, more human, more social, more integral” (Francis 2015, n. 112). That integration, however, has been consistently inconsistent depending on whether it is addressing sexual or social ethical issues. In this essay, we first examine the consonances between theology and science. Second, we explore official Catholic teaching on sexual and social teaching and demonstrate the inconsistent integration of scientific and theological knowledge.