Abstract
Reoperative antireflux surgery (ARS) is complex and often needs to be customized to the individual patient. A transthoracic approach is preferred in select patients with concomitant esophageal pathologies or a complex surgical history. The clinical presentation and perioperative evaluation of patients who require reoperative ARS as well as surgical options, the role of the transthoracic approach, and Nissen and Belsey Mark IV fundoplication techniques are discussed in detail. Outcomes associated with the transthoracic approach to reoperative ARS are reviewed. Although less invasive laparoscopic approaches have become more common, the transthoracic approach must remain in the foregut surgeon's armamentarium.